Anatomy: Relaxed Skin Tension Lines Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of desmosomes in the epidermis?

Regulating blood flow in the epidermis.

Providing adhesion between keratinocytes. (correct)

Protecting skin from UV rays.

Producing skin collagen.

Which antibody is primarily associated with pemphigus foliaceous?

Desmoglein-1 antibodies. (correct)

Desmoglein-3 antibodies.

IgE antibodies.

Autoantibodies against collagen.

Where does pemphigus foliaceous mainly affect the skin?

The lower epidermis.

The upper epidermis. (correct)

The mucosal layer.

The dermal layer.

What is a characteristic clinical feature of pemphigus vulgaris?

Presence of oral lesions in 95% of cases. Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Nikolsky sign indicate?

Separation of epidermal layers upon pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Bulla Spread Sign indicate?

Extension of bulla margin upon lateral pressure. Signup and view all the answers

Where are common sites for lesions in pemphigus?

Scalp, oral mucosa, and trunk. Signup and view all the answers

What is tested in a Tzanck smear?

Presence of Tzanck cells in a vesicle. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of therapy can be classified as a novel treatment for mechanobullous disorders?

Gene therapy Signup and view all the answers

What type of management is essential for individuals with mechanobullous disorders?

Supportive management Signup and view all the answers

What genetic inheritance pattern is associated with Darier's Disease?

Autosomal Dominant (AD) Signup and view all the answers

In Hailey-Hailey Disease, which gene defect is primarily responsible?

ATP2C1 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes albinism from other skin conditions?

Congenital disorder of hypo depigmentation. Signup and view all the answers

Which chromosome is associated with the genetic factors of Darier's Disease?

Chromosome 3 Signup and view all the answers

What accurately defines alopecia?

Loss of hair Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is primarily defective in individuals with albinism?

Tyrosinase. Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes cicatricial alopecia?

Damage to stem cells in the bulge area Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes ocular albinism?

Involves only the eyes with little or no skin effects. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of alopecia is marked by patchy hair loss?

Alopecia Areata Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of piebaldism?

Presence of a white forelock. Signup and view all the answers

What genetic inheritance pattern is associated with piebaldism?

Autosomal dominant inheritance. Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the condition known as nevus depigmentosus?

Defect in the transfer of melanosomes. Signup and view all the answers

At what stage of life does nevus depigmentosus typically appear?

At birth. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most often associated with causing vitiligo?

Auto-antibodies that destroy melanocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Relaxed Skin Tension Lines (RSTL)?

Do not correspond to arteries, veins, or nerves. Signup and view all the answers

In which area are Relaxed Skin Tension Lines characterized as being V-shaped?

On the upper spine. Signup and view all the answers

How should incisions be made during surgery to promote effective healing?

Along or parallel to skin tension lines. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of diascopy?

A technique known as the Vitro Pressure Test. Signup and view all the answers

What does the diascopy procedure primarily involve?

Pressing the lesion with a glass slide. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary use of diascopy in the field of dermatology?

Assessment of skin lesions. Signup and view all the answers

How is erythema defined in dermatological terms?

Redness of the skin indicating various conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a non-blanching response in erythema?

Skin remains red even when pressed. Signup and view all the answers

What is the mainstay treatment for Pemphigus Vulgaris?

Systemic steroids (vigorous) Signup and view all the answers

What additional treatment requires urine monitoring?

Cyclophosphamide Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Rituximab in treating pemphigus?

To target CD20 on B cells Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates Pemphigus Foliaceous from other forms?

Presence of Desmoglein-1 antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Where is Desmoglein-1 predominantly found?

Upper epidermis and oral mucosa Signup and view all the answers

What type of split is associated with Desmoglein-3?

Suprabasal split Signup and view all the answers

What does a positive Nikolsky Sign indicate?

Skin layers separate with tangential pressure Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Pemphigoid group of disorders?

Defects in Basement Membrane Zone proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Relaxed Skin Tension Lines (RSTL)

RSTL are crucial for minimizing scarring during surgical procedures.
They do not correspond to arteries, veins, or nerves and primarily guide incision planning.
On the upper spine, RSTL are characterized as being V-shaped.
Incisions should be made along or parallel to skin tension lines to promote optimal healing.

Diascopy

Defined as the Vitro Pressure Test, used primarily to assess skin lesions.
It involves pressing lesions with a glass slide rather than injecting dye or scraping skin.
A key application in dermatology is evaluating skin lesions for diagnostics.

Erythema

Refers to redness of the skin, often indicating various underlying conditions.
The non-blanching response in erythema means redness does not fade under pressure, signaling more serious issues.

Pemphigus Disorders

Pemphigus Foliaceous is characterized by desmoglein-1 antibodies and affects the upper epidermis.
Pemphigus Vulgaris is identified by the presence of oral lesions in 95% of cases, and a positive Nikolsky sign indicates separation of epidermal layers with pressure.
The Bulla Spread Sign indicates the extension of bulla margins when lateral pressure is applied.
Common sites for pemphigus lesions include the scalp, oral mucosa, and trunk.

Tzanck Smear and Histopathology

Tzanck smear tests for Tzanck cells in vesicles, important for diagnosing blistering diseases.
Histopathology of Pemphigus Vulgaris shows a suprabasal split resembling a row of tombstones.

Treatment and Management

The mainstay treatment for Pemphigus Vulgaris is vigorous systemic steroids.
Cyclophosphamide, whose use requires urine monitoring, serves as an additional treatment option.
Rituximab targets CD20 on B cells, aiming to modify the immune response.

Acantholysis

Acantholysis is the rupture of desmosomes, leading to skin blister formation.
Pemphigus Foliaceous is associated with desmoglein-1 antibodies, found primarily in the upper epidermis and oral mucosa.

Inheritance Patterns and Genetic Factors

Darier's Disease follows an Autosomal Dominant pattern and is linked to chromosome 3.
Hailey-Hailey Disease is associated with the ATP2A2 gene.

Alopecia Types

Alopecia refers to hair loss and can be categorized into cicatricial (damage to stem cells) and non-cicatricial types (trichotillomania).
Alopecia Areata presents with circular areas of complete hair loss and is classified under Non-Cicatricial Alopecia.

Albinism is defined by a defective tyrosinase enzyme, leading to impaired melanin production.
Ocular albinism affects only the eyes, while piebaldism is noted for the presence of a white forelock and exhibits Autosomal Dominant inheritance.
Nevus depigmentosus results from defects in the transfer of melanosomes, often manifesting at birth.

Vitiligo

The destruction of melanocytes by auto-antibodies is a primary cause of vitiligo.
Segmental vitiligo features unilateral patches that do not cross the midline, differing from the bilateral nature of non-segmental vitiligo.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Relaxed Skin Tension Lines (RSTL) with this quiz. Learn about their characteristics, significance in surgeries, and specific anatomical locations. This quiz will help you understand how RSTL relate to vascular structures and skin innervation.