Anatomy Quiz: Stomach Blood Supply
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Questions and Answers

Which arteries are responsible for supplying blood to the fundus and upper body of the stomach?

  • Short and posterior gastric arteries (correct)
  • Left and Right gastric arteries
  • Inferior and superior mesenteric arteries
  • Left and Right gastroepiploic arteries

What is the synonymous term for 'epiploic'?

  • Omental (correct)
  • Visceral
  • Gastric
  • Peritoneal

Which of the following arteries is NOT involved in supplying blood to the stomach?

  • Left gastroepiploic artery
  • Right gastric artery
  • Short gastric artery
  • Main coronary artery (correct)

The arteries supplying the right gastroepiploic region are primarily derived from which major vessel?

<p>Celiac trunk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is directly associated with supplying the greater curvature of the stomach?

<p>Right gastroepiploic artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the serosa in the digestive system?

<p>It is present on intraperitoneal organs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer is responsible for the movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Muscularis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between serosa and adventitia?

<p>Serosa is associated with peritoneal structures, while adventitia is not. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive tract primarily contains blood vessels and nerves?

<p>Submucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer would be absent in a retroperitoneal organ?

<p>Serosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organs are noted to almost fill the domes of the diaphragm when the abdominal cavity is opened?

<p>Liver, stomach, and spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure provides protection to the liver, stomach, and spleen?

<p>Lower thoracic cage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the bulging of the liver, stomach, and spleen have on their positioning?

<p>They intrude into the thoracic cage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the abdominal cavity is opened for study?

<p>The status of the liver, stomach, and spleen becomes evident (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it significant that the liver, stomach, and spleen bulge into the thoracic cage?

<p>It provides these organs with additional protection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lacteals in the intestinal villi?

<p>To absorb fat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do lacteals empty their fluid?

<p>Into the lymphatic plexuses in the jejunum and ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is referred to as the SMA?

<p>Superior Mesenteric Artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of lacteals allows them to absorb fat?

<p>Their specialized structure and lymphatic tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the intestine are lacteals primarily located?

<p>Jejunum and ileum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cervical constriction located in the esophagus?

<p>At the pharyngoesophageal junction, 15 cm from the incisor teeth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure causes the cervical constriction in the esophagus?

<p>Cricopharyngeus muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the jejunum and ileum combined?

<p>6–7 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What fraction of the intraperitoneal section of the small intestine does the jejunum represent?

<p>Two fifths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How far from the incisor teeth does the cervical constriction occur?

<p>15 cm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the cervical constriction in the esophagus?

<p>It controls the passage of food into the esophagus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of the total length of the jejunum and ileum is represented by the ileum?

<p>Three fifths (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the jejunum is approximately two fifths of the total length, what is a plausible approximate length of the jejunum in meters?

<p>1.5–2.5 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the digestive system does the cervical constriction relate to?

<p>Pharynx (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the relationship between the jejunum and ileum is true?

<p>The ileum is longer than the jejunum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is located adjacent to the left dome of the diaphragm?

<p>Pancreas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is associated with the left kidney?

<p>Spleen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the splenic artery?

<p>Supplying blood to the spleen (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is NOT mentioned as a significant anatomical feature associated with the left side of the abdomen?

<p>Cervical constriction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary anatomical structure mentioned that is NOT a recognized entity?

<p>Splanchnic artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle responsible for the cervical constriction in the esophagus?

<p>Cricopharyngeus muscle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what location is the cervical constriction found in relation to the incisor teeth?

<p>15 cm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the esophagus does the cervical constriction mark?

<p>Pharyngoesophageal junction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the cervical constriction is accurate?

<p>It occurs at the beginning of the esophagus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chyme in the stomach?

<p>To serve as temporary storage for food (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical term describes the area where the cervical constriction is situated?

<p>Pharyngoesophageal region (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are primarily involved in forming the esophageal plexus?

<p>Vagal trunks and thoracic sympathetic trunks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding the stomach's role in digestion?

<p>Food is only passed when the chyme is fully prepared (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the esophagus not serve as a storage site for food?

<p>The esophagus only transports food to the stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a function of the greater splanchnic nerves in relation to the esophagus?

<p>Form part of the esophageal plexus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are associated with the periarterial plexuses around the esophagus?

<p>Left gastric and inferior phrenic arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the stomach play before food enters the intestines?

<p>Preparing chyme for digestion in the intestines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the innervation of the esophagus?

<p>The esophagus receives innervation from specific branches of the vagal trunks and sympathetic trunks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an incorrect statement about chyme's preparation process in the stomach?

<p>Chyme can be passed to the intestines at any stage of digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the thoracic sympathetic trunks in the esophagus?

<p>They contribute to the esophageal plexus innervation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the parasympathetic nerve supply to the stomach?

<p>Anterior and posterior vagal trunks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure allows the vagus nerves to enter the abdomen and supply the stomach?

<p>Esophageal hiatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the vagus nerve primarily contributes to the anterior vagal trunk?

<p>Left Vagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the autonomic supply in the stomach?

<p>Facilitate muscle contractions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the vagus nerve and the stomach is correct?

<p>It is involved in parasympathetic innervation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two layers of the muscularis layer in the digestive tract?

<p>Outer longitudinal smooth muscle and inner circular smooth muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the digestive tract primarily facilitates the movement of food through peristalsis?

<p>Muscularis layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the outer longitudinal smooth muscle oriented within the muscularis layer?

<p>Longitudinal along the length of the organ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the inner circular smooth muscle in the muscularis layer?

<p>To expand and contract the lumen diameter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic best describes the muscularis layer of the digestive tract?

<p>Contains two layers of smooth muscle with different orientations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

epiploic

another word for omental

Fundus blood supply

Supplied by short and posterior gastric arteries

Right Gastro-omental artery

Supplies the stomach

Left Gastro-omental artery

Supplies the stomach

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Short gastric arteries

Blood vessels supplying the fundus of the stomach

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Abdominal Organs Protection

The liver, stomach, and spleen are protected by the lower thoracic cage due to their location bulging into the chest cavity.

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Diaphragm's Role

The diaphragm's dome shapes are almost filled by the liver, stomach and spleen.

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Liver's Location

The liver is located in the upper abdominal cavity and fits close to the diaphragm

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Stomach's Location

The stomach is located in the upper abdominal cavity with a significant portion covering the diaphragm.

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Spleen's Positioning

The spleen sits in the upper abdominal cavity close to the diaphragm.

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Serosa vs. Adventitia

Serosa covers intraperitoneal organs, while adventitia covers organs without peritoneum.

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Muscularis Layer

A layer of smooth muscle in the digestive tract responsible for motility.

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Submucosa Layer

Connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerves, and glands beneath the mucosa.

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Mucosa Layer

Innermost layer of the digestive tract, includes epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosae.

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Digestive Tract Layers

The four layers of the digestive tube (serosa/adventitia, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa).

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Esophageal Constriction

Narrowing of the esophagus, often caused by muscle contractions or other anatomical factors.

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Cervical Constriction

Narrowing of the esophagus near the beginning, at the pharyngo-esophageal junction.

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Upper Esophageal Sphincter

The muscle controlling the passage of food from the pharynx to the esophagus

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Cricopharyngeus Muscle

Muscle contributing to the upper esophageal sphincter.

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Pharyngoesophageal Junction

The point where the pharynx and esophagus meet.

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SMA

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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Lacteals

Specialized lymphatic vessels in intestinal villi that absorb fat

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Intestinal villi

Finger-like projections in the small intestine

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Lymphatic plexuses in jejunum & ileum

Networks of lymphatic vessels in the small intestine

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Absorbed fat transport

Lacteals absorb fat and deliver it to lymphatic plexuses.

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Jejunum Length

The jejunum is about two-fifths of the small intestine's intraperitoneal length.

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Ileum Length

The ileum makes up three-fifths of the small intestine's intraperitoneal length.

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Small Intestine Length

The combined jejunum and ileum are 6-7 meters long.

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Intraperitoneal Small Intestine

The part of the small intestine inside the peritoneal cavity.

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Small Intestine Sections

The small intestine is divided into the jejunum and ileum, each with a specific length proportion in the total length.

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Esophageal Innervation

The esophagus receives nerve signals from the esophageal plexus, which is composed of vagus nerves (anterior and posterior gastric branches) and sympathetic nerves from thoracic trunks via splanchnic nerves and periarterial plexuses around specific arteries.

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Esophageal Plexus

Collection of nerves that supplies the esophagus, created by vagus nerves and sympathetic nerves with support from blood vessels.

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Vagus Nerves

Part of the parasympathetic nervous system that sends signals to the esophagus (and other organs) via the esophageal plexus.

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Sympathetic Nerves

Part of the body's automatic nervous system, affecting the esophagus via splanchnic nerves and periarterial plexuses.

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Thoracic Sympathetic Trunks

Network of nerves that branch off the spinal cord and send signals for functions, including influencing the esophagus via splanchnic nerves.

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Chyme definition

Chyme is partially digested food in the stomach, ready for passage to the intestines for complete digestion.

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Chyme's purpose

Chyme is prepared food that the stomach passes to the intestines for digestion, ensuring proper digestion in the small intestine.

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Stomach's role in digestion

The stomach prepares food for digestion in the intestines by storing it (chyme) and partially digesting it.

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Chyme storage

Chyme is temporary storage of food allowing the complete digestion by Intestines

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Intestinal digestion

The intestines completes digestion of the food after the necessary preparation in the Stomach

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Left Diaphragm Dome

The portion of the diaphragm on the left side of the body.

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Spleen Location

An abdominal organ positioned near the left dome of the diaphragm.

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Left Kidney & Suprarenal Gland

The kidney and adrenal gland found on the left side of the body.

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Splanchnic Artery - Note

This term is not a valid anatomical structure.

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Pancreas Location

A gland located in the abdominal cavity, associated with digestive functions.

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Muscularis Layers

Two layers of smooth muscle in the digestive tract: outer longitudinal and inner circular.

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Longitudinal Smooth Muscle

The outer layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis, running lengthwise.

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Circular Smooth Muscle

The inner layer of smooth muscle in the muscularis, arranged in circles.

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Digestive Tract Muscle Layers

The muscularis is one of four layers of the digestive tract.

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Smooth Muscle Motility

The muscularis layer is responsible for the movement of food.

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Cervical Constriction Location

The narrowing of the esophagus at the beginning, near the junction between the pharynx and esophagus, about 15 cm from the incisors.

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Cervical Constriction Cause

Caused by the cricopharyngeus muscle, a muscle that plays a role in regulating the passage of food from the pharynx into the esophagus.

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Cricopharyngeus Muscle Function

The cricopharyngeus muscle is a significant component of the esophageal sphincter, controlling the passage of food from the pharynx to the esophagus.

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Pharyngo-esophageal Junction Definition

The junction where the pharynx transitions into the esophagus, a crucial point for swallowing.

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Esophagus Cervical Constriction Distance

The narrowing of the esophagus at the Cervical level is located 15cm from the incisor teeth.

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Stomach Parasympathetic Supply

The stomach receives parasympathetic nerves from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks, which enter the abdomen through the esophageal hiatus.

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Anterior Vagal Trunk

A part of the parasympathetic nervous system that supplies the stomach, mainly from the left vagus nerve.

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Posterior Vagal Trunk

Another part of the parasympathetic nervous system that supplies the stomach, mainly originating from the right vagus nerve.

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Esophageal Hiatus

An opening in the diaphragm through which the esophagus passes into the abdomen.

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Vagus Nerves

Cranial nerves that provide parasympathetic innervation to many abdominal organs, including the stomach.

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Study Notes

Abdomen Anatomy 2 Lecture Notes

  • Writers: Alaa Alessa, Ali Alhakeem
  • Reviser: Abdulhamid Al-Abadi
  • Date: 2024-2025
  • Topic: Abdomen Anatomy 2 Lecture
  • Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to identify the parts of the Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT), their surface anatomy, structure, location, neurovascular supply of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine (block 1.1).
  • Contents: Surface anatomy and abdominal regions, GIT arrangement, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and small intestine.
  • Abdominal Regions: The diagram illustrates the different regions of the abdomen, including Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac, Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar, Hypogastric, Right Iliac fossa/Right Inguinal region, and Left Iliac fossa/Left Inguinal region, Midclavicular plane, and Midinguinal point.

Esophagus

  • Structure: A muscular tube, approximately 25 cm long and 2 cm in diameter.
  • Function: Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.
  • Constrictions: Three constrictions exist along its length.
  • Cervical constriction: Located at the pharyngoesophageal junction, 15 cm from the incisor teeth.
  • Thoracic constriction (Broncho-aortic): Located at the arch of the aorta, 22.5 cm from the incisor teeth, and the point where it crosses the left main bronchus, 27.5 cm from the incisor teeth.
  • Diaphragmatic constriction: Located at the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm, approximately 40 cm from the incisor teeth.
  • Histology: Four layers: Serosa/adventitia, Muscularis, Submucosa, Mucosa
  • Arterial Supply: Abdominal part of the esophagus supplied by the left gastric artery (branch of the celiac trunk), and the left inferior phrenic artery.
  • Venous Drainage: Drains from the submucosal veins into the portal venous system through the left gastric vein and into the systemic venous system through esophageal veins entering the azygos vein.
  • Lymphatic Drainage: Abdominal part drains into the left gastric lymph nodes and through the celiac lymph nodes

Stomach

  • Definition: Expanded part of the digestive tract between the esophagus and small intestine.
  • Function: Accumulates ingested food, chemically prepares it for digestion, and acts as a food blender and reservoir for enzymatic digestion.
  • Capacity: Can hold 2-3 liters of food.
  • Chyme: Semiliquid mixture of food formed by the gastric juice from the process of the chemical digestion in the stomach.
  • Location: Lies mostly in the epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondriac regions.
  • Parts: Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric part
  • Arterial Supply: Supplied by the right and left gastric arteries, and right and left gastroepiploic arteries.
  • Venous Drainage: Drain directly or indirectly into the portal venous system, through superior and inferior mesenteric vein.
  • Lymphatic Drainage: Lymphatic vessels accompany the arteries, draining into the celiac lymph nodes,.

Small Intestine

  • Sections: duodenum, jejunum, ileum
  • Location: From the pylorus to the ileocecal junction.
  • Function: Main site for nutrient absorption
  • Length: Approximately 6-7 m

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Description

Test your knowledge on the blood supply to the stomach and related anatomical structures. This quiz covers various arteries, their functions, and important terms associated with the digestive system. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or preparing for healthcare exams.

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