Anatomy Quiz on Inguinal Hernias and Nerves
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following structures does not relate to the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland?

  • chorda tympani
  • superior salivatory nucleus
  • submandibular ganglion
  • lingual nerve
  • lesser petrosal nerve (correct)

    • A man feels severe pain at lower right quadrant as he lifts a heavy object. Surgery is indicated, and, during surgery, the surgeon finds a hernial sac just above the inguinal ligament and lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. What type of hernia is this?

  • incisional hernia
  • femoral hernia
  • abdominal hernia
  • direct inguinal hernia
  • indirect inguinal hernia (correct)

    • Which of the following anatomic regions is used for harvesting eggs from ovaries or to remove an ectopic pregnancy?

  • ischiorectal fossae
  • vesicouterine pouch
  • vagina, rectouterine (douglas) pouch (correct)
  • retrocecal recess, ischiorectal fossae
  • lateral and medial paracolic gutters

    • Lingual carcinoma in the posterior part of the tongue metastasizes to which lymph nodes?

    <p>inferior deep cervical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the gastrointestinal system is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure?

    <p>lower half of anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The root of the mesentery is approximately 15 cm long. It passes inferiorly and to the right, from the duodenojejunal junction to the ileocecal junction, crossing all of the following except which one?

    <p>inferior vena cava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The splenic artery was ligated near the celiac trunk to stop the bleeding of a ruptured spleen. Which of the following structures is least likely affected by ligation?

    <p>greater omentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paralysis of which muscle produces the tongue's tendency to fall posteriorly?

    <p>genioglossus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Peyer's patches are observed in which part of the intestines?

    <p>ileum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The vagus nerve supplies motor parasympathetic innervation to all of the following structures, except:

    <p>ascending colon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 60-year-old woman arrived at the emergency room complaining of acute abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with a blockage in branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. Which of the following is most likely not to be seriously affected?

    <p>splenic flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A surgical approach to the abdomen necessitates a midline incision between the 2 rectus sheath. Which line is involved?

    <p>arcuate line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures pierces the sphenomandibular ligament?

    <p>auriculotemporal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mastication muscles attaches to the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?

    <p>medial pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the surgeon accidentally clamped a vessel in a 47-year-old female patient. Which of the following vessels would most likely be occluded during this iatrogenic injury?

    <p>superior mesenteric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The inferior mesenteric vein usually joins with which vein?

    <p>portal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure indicated by the arrow in the diagram?

    <p>major duodenal papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure shown by the arrow?

    <p>Tail of pancreas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the muscle shown in the diagram?

    <p>Lateral pterygoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery shown in the diagram?

    <p>Vasa recti</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrow pointing to in the diagram?

    <p>Inferior epigastric artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the artery labeled in the diagram?

    <p>Gastroduodenal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding lipid digestion and absorption?

    <p>The triglyceride component of chylomicrons is removed by triglyceride hydrolase located on the vascular endothelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is not correct regarding water and electrolyte fluxes in the large intestine?

    <p>Secretion of HCO3- occurs in exchange for absorption of Cl-.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a person is in the fasting state, which of the following is true?

    <p>Glucose is the only fuel used by the central nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true for the pancreatic function and secretion?

    <p>Cholecystokinin stimulates the pancreas to contract and release stored juice into the intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events take place when pH in the gastric lumen is reduced below 3?

    <p>ECL cells release histamine to further stimulate the parietal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are absorbed with Na+ through the intestine in the same way except:

    <p>H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correct regarding hepatic circulation?

    <p>Stellate cells play an important role in phagocytosis of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding Gastrin-Releasing Peptide (GRP)?

    <p>GRP is a neurotransmitter released by preganglionic neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the functions of colonic microflora?

    <p>Production of certain vitamins like vitamin C and E.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following statements about small intestinal motility is correct?

    <p>Peristalsis is the major contractile pattern during feeding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following are related to thiamine deficiency except:

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not associated with increased feeding behavior?

    <p>Stimulation of the ventrolateral nucleus of the hypothalamus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principal paracrine secretion involved in the inhibitory feedback regulation of gastric acid secretion is:

    <p>Somatostatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correct for the regulation of salivary secretion?

    <p>Stimulation of salivary nuclei by chewing, taste, and smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not likely to be found within the pancreatic acinus?

    <p>Trypsin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is correct regarding abdominal pain?

    <p>Ischemia, inflammation, or distention of hollow organs or capsular stretching of solid organs produces visceral type pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)?

    <p>IgG level is a more valuable marker for disease activity than alkaline phosphatase level in AIH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

    <p>p-ANCA positivity is frequently observed in Crohn's disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy

    • Question 1: The lingual nerve is not related to the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland.
    • Question 2: A man experiences severe pain in the lower right quadrant when lifting heavy objects. Surgery reveals a hernial sac above the inguinal ligament and lateral inferior epigastric vessels. This is an indirect inguinal hernia.
    • Question 3: Ectopic pregnancies and egg harvesting utilize the rectouterine (Douglas) pouch of the vagina.
    • Question 4: Lingual carcinoma in the posterior tongue metastasizes to the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes.
    • Question 5: The lower half of the anal canal is sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and pressure.

    Anatomy (continued)

    • Question 6: The root of the mesentery runs from the duodenojejunal junction to the ileocecal junction_ crossing the right ureter, abdominal aorta, and horizontal/ascending portions of the duodenum; the left testicular or ovarian vessels are not crossed.

    • Question 7: Ligation of the splenic artery near the celiac trunk, to stop bleeding from a ruptured spleen, is least likely to affect the greater omentum.

    • Question 8: Paralysis of the hyoglossus muscle causes the tongue to fall posteriorly.

    • Question 9: Peyer's patches are observed in the ileum.

    • Question 10: The vagus nerve does not innervate the appendix vermiform.

    Anatomy (continued)

    • Question 11: A 60-year-old woman experiencing abdominal pain, most likely does not have an issue with portions of the inferior mesenteric artery.
    • Question 12: A midline incision between the two rectus sheaths is an arcuate line/approch.
    • Question 13: The auriculotemporal nerve passes through the sphenomandibular ligament.
    • Question 14: The lateral pterygoid muscle attaches to the articular disc of the TMJ.
    • Question 15: During a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, clamping the common hepatic artery is the most likely iatrogenic vessel occlusion.
    • Question 16: The inferior mesenteric vein joins the inferior vena cava.
    • Question 1: The major duodenal papilla is the correct answer to the diagram of the digestive system.
    • Question 49 (Anatomy): The structure pointed to by the arrow is the uncinate process of the pancreas.The muscle shown in the diagram is the temporalis muscle. The artery shown in the diagram is the superior epigastric artery.
    • Question 50(Anatomy): The area labeled in the diagram is the pectinate line/transitional zone. The artery labeled in the diagram is the gastroduodenal artery
    • Question 50 (continued): The ligament in the diagram is the hepatoduodenal ligament.
    • Question 51 (Anatomy): The structure in the diagram is the sublingual duct.

    Physiology

    • Question 1: The statement that's incorrect is: Triglyceride component of chylomicrons is removed by triglyceride hydrolase located on the vascular endothelium.
    • Question 2: Short chain fatty acids in the large intestine enhance water absorption.
    • Question 3: Gluconeogenesis is inhibited during the fasting state.
    • Question 4: Cholecysokin stimulates the pancreas to release stored juice, not contract the pancreas itself.
    • Question 5: Gastric acidity inhibits D-cells; ECL cells induce parietal cells.
    • Question 6: Dipeptides are absorbed with Na+ through the intestine in the same way as glucose.

    Physiology (continued)

    • Question 7: The hepatic artery supplies the majority of the blood supply to the liver. It is not least likely to be affected by ligation.
    • Question 8: The functions of colonic microflora include immune modulation, bilirubin urobilinogen conversion, intestinal barrier regulation, and vitamin production.
    • Question 9: Hepatic circulation involves 10% cardiac output, and the cells in zone 3 are closest to the central vein.
    • Question 10: The capillaries of the liver have the ability to shift blood flow during hemorrhage.
    • Question 11: Peristalsis, occurring during feeding, is the pattern in the small intestinal motility.
    • Question 12: Thiamine deficiency does not involve anemia.

    Physiology (continued)

    • Question 13: Inhibition of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is not associated with increased feeding behavior.
    • Question 14: The principal paracrine secretion involved in regulating gastric acid secretion is somatostatin.
    • Question 15: Norepinephrine stimulates blood flow and parasympathetic input to the parotid gland is regulated by CN VII (the facial nerve).
    • Question 16: Pancreatic acini do not contain chymotripsinogen

    Other

    • Question 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 & 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, & 30 Details are numerous; please reference specific questions for detailed notes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of anatomy with this quiz focused on key concepts such as the lingual nerve, hernias, and the implications of anatomical structures in medical conditions. Explore how different anatomical details affect physiological processes and surgical procedures. This quiz is perfect for students studying anatomy at various levels.

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