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Questions and Answers
How many bones make up the human skull?
How many bones make up the human skull?
22
Which of the following bones is movable?
Which of the following bones is movable?
Sutures are immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull.
Sutures are immovable joints that connect the bones of the skull.
True
What are the two main subdivisions of the skull?
What are the two main subdivisions of the skull?
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Which of the following bones is NOT a facial bone?
Which of the following bones is NOT a facial bone?
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What is the name of the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet?
What is the name of the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet?
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Which of these bones is found at the back of the skull?
Which of these bones is found at the back of the skull?
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What is the name of the bony part of the skull that forms the forehead?
What is the name of the bony part of the skull that forms the forehead?
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Which of these is NOT a feature of the norma frontalis?
Which of these is NOT a feature of the norma frontalis?
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Study Notes
General Anatomy Practical: Bones of the Head and Neck
- The skull is composed of 22 bones.
- 21 bones are immovable, joined by sutures.
- The mandible is the only movable bone in the skull.
- The immovable bones are:
- Frontal
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Vomer
- Occipital
- 8 paired bones:
- Lacrimal
- Nasal
- Inferior concha
- Zygomatic
- Maxillary
- Palatine
- Parietal
- Temporal
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Skull Subdivision:
- Cranial bones (neurocranium): Surround and protect the brain.
- Facial bones (viscerocranium): Form the face.
Skull Anatomy (Norma Verticalis)
-
Bones:
- Frontal bone (anterior)
- Parietal bones (lateral)
- Occipital bone (posterior)
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Sutures:
- Coronal suture: between frontal and parietal bones
- Sagittal suture: between parietal bones
- Lambdoid suture: between parietal and occipital bones
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Important Features:
- Bregma: junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
- Lambda: junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
- Vertex: most convex point of the skull
- Parietal foramen: opening for emissary veins
- Parietal eminence: prominent part of the parietal bone
Skull Anatomy (Norma Verticalis): Features of a Newborn Skull
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Bregma: Junction of coronal and sagittal suture
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Lambda: Junction of lambdoid and sagittal sutures
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Anterior fontanelle: Located at the bregma. Ossifies at about 18 months.
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Posterior fontanelle: Located at the lambda. Ossifies at about 2 months.
Skull Anatomy (Norma Frontalis)
- Upper part (Forehead): Frontal bone
- Middle part: Right and left orbits, Anterior nasal opening (piriform opening)
- Lower part: Upper and lower jaw
Skull Anatomy (Norma Lateralis)
- Temporal lines: Superior and inferior.
- Pterion: Important anatomical landmark.
- Zygomatic arch: Formed by zygomatic and temporal bones.
- External auditory meatus: Ear canal opening.
- Temporal bone: Lateral aspect of the cranium.
- Mastoid process: Behind the external auditory meatus.
- Styloid process: Thin, pointed projection of the temporal bone.
- Asterion
Fossa (Temporal and Infratemporal)
- The temporal fossa
- Pterygomaxillary fissure
- Pterygopalatine fossa
- The infratemporal fossa
Skull Anatomy (Norma Occipitalis)
- External occipital protuberance: Prominent bump on the posterior skull.
- External occipital crest: Ridge extending from the protuberance.
- Nuchal lines: Superior and inferior lines on the occipital bone.
- Parietal bone: Posterior aspect of the skull.
- Mastoid process: Posterior to the external auditory meatus.
- Occipital bone: Posterior aspect of the cranium.
Skull Anatomy (Norma Basalis Externa)
- Inferior aspect of the skull.
- Hard palate: Anterior 3/4 formed by the palatine process of the maxilla. Posterior 1/4 formed by the horizontal plate of palatinebone
- Incisive fossa & foramina
- Alveolar arch
- Palatine crest
- Maxillary tuberosity
- Greater & lesser palatine foramina
Skull Anatomy (Norma Basalis Interna)
- Inferior aspect of the skull seen from inside.
- Anterior cranial fossa
- Middle cranial fossa
- Posterior cranial fossa
- Orbital fissures (superior orbital fissure)
- Foramen ovale, rotundum, spinosum
- Internal auditory meatus
- Jugular foramen
- Foramen magnum
- Crista galli
- Ethmoid bone
The Mandible
- Body: Main horizontal portion of the mandible
- Ramus: Vertical ascending portion of the mandible
- Angle: Junction of the ramus and body
- Condylar process: Articulates with the temporal bone
- Coronoid process: Anterior projection of the ramus
- Mandibular notch: Depression between the condylar and coronoid processes
- Mental foramen: Opening in the body of the mandible
- Alveolar process: Bony ridge that supports the teeth
- Oblique line
Cervical Vertebrae
- Atlas (C1): Ring-shaped vertebra supporting the skull
- Axis (C2): Has a dens (odontoid process) that pivots with the atlas
- Typical cervical vertebrae (C3-C6): Have transverse foramina
- Seventh Cervical Vertebra (C7): Often called the vertebra prominens due to its longer spinous process
Hyoid Bone
- Located in the neck, between the mandible and larynx.
- Not directly articulate to any other bones
- It supports the tongue and plays a role in swallowing and speech.
- Body, greater & lesser horns
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Description
This quiz covers the essential bones of the head and neck, focusing on the human skull's structure and classification. It includes details about immovable and movable bones, cranial and facial subdivisions, and relevant sutures. Perfect for students studying anatomy and looking to test their knowledge.
