Anatomy & Physiology Module 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the study of structure?

Anatomy

What is the study of structures large enough to be seen without magnification?

Gross Anatomy

What is the study of structures too small to be seen by the unaided eye?

Microscopic Anatomy

What is the study of function?

<p>Physiology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a physiological function?

<p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Briefly describe the relationship between form and function in the human body and provide an example.

<p>Form and function are interrelated in the human body. The form of a body part determines its function. For example, the hand is specifically shaped for grasping and manipulating objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of structural organization?

<p>Galactic level (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism?

<p>Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function?

<p>Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types?

<p>Organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a group of organs that work together to perform a common function?

<p>Organ System</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Integumentary system?

<p>Hair, Skin, and Nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Integumentary system?

<p>Encloses internal body structures, site of many sensory receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Skeletal system?

<p>Cartilage, Bones, and Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Skeletal system?

<p>Supports the body, enables movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Muscular system?

<p>Skeletal muscles and tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Muscular system?

<p>Enables movement, helps maintain body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Nervous system?

<p>Brain, Spinal cord, and Peripheral nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Nervous system?

<p>Detects and processes sensory information, activates bodily responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Endocrine system?

<p>Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal glands, Testes, Ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Endocrine system?

<p>Secretes hormones, regulates bodily processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Cardiovascular system?

<p>Heart and Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Cardiovascular system?

<p>Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues, equalizes temperature in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Lymphatic system?

<p>Thymus, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Lymphatic vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Lymphatic system?

<p>Returns fluid to blood, defends against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Respiratory system?

<p>Nasal passages, Trachea, Lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Respiratory system?

<p>Removes carbon dioxide from the body, delivers oxygen to blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Digestive system?

<p>Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Large intestine, Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Digestive system?

<p>Processes food for use by the body, removes wastes from undigested food</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Urinary system?

<p>Kidneys and Urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Urinary system?

<p>Controls water balance in the body, removes wastes from blood and excretes them</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major organs of the Male and Female reproductive systems?

<p>Male: Epididymis, Testes; Female: Ovaries, Uterus, Mammary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Male and Female reproductive systems?

<p>Produces sex hormones and gametes, supports embryo/fetus, produces milk for infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'homeostasis' refer to?

<p>The body continuously monitors its internal conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is homeostatic regulation important in the body?

<p>It helps keep various physiological parameters within optimal ranges, such as body temperature, blood glucose levels, and pH balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the body when homeostasis fails?

<p>Failure of homeostasis can lead to serious health conditions or even life threatening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a stimulus in a feedback loop?

<p>Environmental change or input</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a receptor in a feedback loop?

<p>A component of a feedback system that monitors a physiological value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a control center in a feedback loop?

<p>A component of a feedback system that compares the value to the normal range.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the set-point in a feedback loop?

<p>The physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an effector organ in a feedback loop?

<p>Carries out action determined by the control center</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative feedback?

<p>Negative feedback works to maintain homeostasis in our system. It helps to keep variables within a normal range</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of negative feedback in the human body.

<p>Body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop, negative or positive, is primarily used in maintaining homeostasis within the human body?

<p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop, negative or positive, is primarily involved in disease processes?

<p>Negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe anatomical position.

<p>Body is standing upright</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of anatomical position?

<p>This position reduces confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of anatomical right and left?

<p>Sagittal plane. That divides the body into right side and left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the front of the elbow?

<p>Antecubitis (K), Antecubitis (L)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the armpit?

<p>Axilla (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the cheek?

<p>Bucca (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the buttock?

<p>Gluteus (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the loin (lower back)?

<p>Limbus (K)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for the back of the knee?

<p>Popliteus (I)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group generally uses abdominopelvic quadrants?

<p>Healthcare professionals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group generally uses abdominopelvic regions?

<p>Medical professionals/surgeons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for 'above'?

<p>Superior</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical term for 'in between'?

<p>Proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the arm, the biceps brachii muscle lies anterior to the brachialis muscle. What does 'anterior' mean in this sentence?

<p>In front of</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the forearm, the radial artery is lateral to the ulnar artery. What does 'lateral' mean in this sentence?

<p>In side of</p> Signup and view all the answers

In females, the uterus is just superior to the urinary bladder. What does 'superior' mean in this sentence?

<p>Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

In males, the prostate gland is just inferior to the bladder. What does 'inferior' mean in this sentence?

<p>Below</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the lower limb, the knee is proximal to the ankle joint. What does 'proximal' mean in this sentence?

<p>In between</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the upper limb, the elbow is distal to the shoulder joint. What does 'distal' mean in this sentence?

<p>Farther</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body plane splits the body into equal right and left halves?

<p>The sagittal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body plane splits the body into superior and inferior portions?

<p>The transverse plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body plane splits the body into anterior and posterior portions?

<p>The frontal plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity would you find the stomach?

<p>Abdominal cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity would you find the brain?

<p>Cranial cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity would you find the uterus?

<p>Pelvic cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

<p>The diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body.

Gross Anatomy

The study of structures large enough to be seen without magnification. An example is the brain.

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of structures too small to be seen by the unaided eye. An example is tissues.

Physiology

The study of the function of the body.

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Form and Function Relationship

The idea that form and function are intertwined, meaning the shape of a structure dictates how it works.

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Cell

The smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.

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Tissue

A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.

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Organ

An anatomically distinct structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function.

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Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform a major bodily function.

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Organism

A complete living being, made up of multiple organ systems.

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Homeostasis

The process of maintaining a stable internal environment within the body.

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Importance of Homeostatic Regulation

Regulation of homeostasis is crucial for survival because it ensures that body conditions stay within healthy limits.

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Negative Feedback

A mechanism that reverses a change in a physiological value.

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Positive Feedback

A mechanism that amplifies a change in a physiological value.

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Anatomical Position

The standing upright position with arms at the sides, palms facing forward, and feet together.

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Anatomical Right and Left

The reference point for anatomical direction, where right and left refer to the body's own right and left sides.

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Sagittal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

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Transverse Plane

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

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Frontal Plane

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

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Abdominopelvic Cavity

A region that encompasses the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

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Abdominopelvic Quadrants

A horizontal plane that divides the abdominopelvic cavity into four quadrants.

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Abdominopelvic Regions

A grid that divides the abdominopelvic cavity into nine regions. Used by medical professionals and surgeons.

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Superior

Located above another structure.

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Inferior

Located below another structure.

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Anterior

Located toward the front of the body.

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Posterior

Located toward the back of the body.

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Medial

Located closer to the midline of the body.

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Lateral

Located further from the midline of the body.

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Distal

Located further away from the point of attachment or origin.

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Proximal

Located closer to the point of attachment or origin.

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Diaphragm

A sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It helps with breathing.

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Study Notes

Module 1: Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

  • Study Guide Instructions: Make a copy, rename, type your name, complete in blue font, save as .pdf, submit via Canvas.

Chapter 1.1: Overview of Anatomy & Physiology

  • Gross Anatomy: Study of structures large enough to see without magnification (e.g., brain).
  • Macroscopic Anatomy: Study of structures large enough to be seen without magnification (e.g., brain).
  • Microscopic Anatomy: Study of structures too small to see without magnification (e.g., tissues).
  • Physiology: Study of function (e.g., homeostasis).
  • Form and Function Relationship: Form and function are interconnected. Example: The hand's structure allows for grasping and fine motor skills.

Chapter 1.2: Structural Organization of the Human Body

  • Organizational Levels (least to most complex):
    • Chemical level (atoms)
    • Cellular level (neurons)
    • Tissue level (muscle tissues)
    • Organ level (heart)
    • Organ system level (circulatory system)
    • Organismal level (human)
  • Cell Definition: Smallest independently functioning unit of a living organism.

Chapter 1.5: Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis Definition: The body continuously monitors its internal conditions.
  • Importance of Homeostasis: Keeps physiological parameters within optimal ranges (e.g., temperature, blood glucose).
  • Homeostasis Failure: Can lead to serious health conditions or death.

Chapter 1.6: Anatomical Terminology

  • Anatomical Position: Body standing upright, facing forward, arms at sides with palms forward.

  • Anatomical Right/Left: Refers to the right/left sides of the body in anatomical position.

  • Anatomical Regions: Specific regions of the body (e.g., arm, cheek, neck, groin, knee).

  • Feedback Loops

    • Stimulus: Environmental change or input.
    • Receptor: Monitors a physiological value.
    • Control center: Compares value to normal range.
    • Set-point: Normal range.
    • Effector Organ: Carries out the action.
    • Negative Feedback: Maintains homeostasis; keeps variables within normal range (example: body temperature)
    • Positive Feedback: Amplifies the initial change (example: childbirth)

  • Body Planes:

    • Sagittal: Divides the body into right and left halves.
    • Transverse: Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
    • Frontal (Coronal): Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.

  • Body Cavities

  • Major organs and which cavities they are located in (examples: stomach—abdominal cavity; brain-cranial cavity).

  • Abdominopelvic Regions/Quadrants

    • Organ locations are described using anatomical regions and quadrants.

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Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide PDF

Description

This quiz covers the basics of anatomy and physiology, including the overview of gross, microscopic, and macroscopic anatomy. It also explores the structural organization of the human body, detailing each level from chemical to organ systems. Test your knowledge and understanding of the form and function relationship in human anatomy.

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