Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of anatomy?

Functions of body systems

The processes of digestion

Behavioral responses of the body

The science of body structures (correct)

Which plane divides the body into unequal right and left portions?

Transverse plane

Parasagittal plane (correct)

Frontal plane

Midsagittal plane

What anatomical term describes a cut made at a diagonal angle?

Transverse section

Sagittal section

Oblique section (correct)

Longitudinal section

Which anatomical region includes the chest, abdomen, and pelvis?

Trunk Signup and view all the answers

What does the frontal or coronal plane divide?

Anterior and posterior portions Signup and view all the answers

What section of the body does the median plane pass through?

The midline of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which section is lengthwise through the body?

Longitudinal section Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical region is responsible for supporting the head?

Neck Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the circulatory system?

To transport oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which position is characterized by the upper limbs at the sides and palms facing forward?

Standing upright position Signup and view all the answers

What does the lymphatic system primarily do?

Carries excess fluid away from cells Signup and view all the answers

What components are included in the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes and lymph vessels Signup and view all the answers

Which cell types are involved in the immune response within the lymphatic system?

Lymphocytes and monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the reproductive system?

Producing offspring Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced by the ovaries and testicles?

Estrogen and testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'superior' refer to in anatomical terms?

Above or higher in position Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terminology, what does 'caudal' relate to?

Towards the tail Signup and view all the answers

Which region does the term 'rostal' refer to?

The nose and mouth region Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a position towards the front of the body?

Anterior Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical term describes a structure that is further away from the trunk?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

In anatomical terms, what term refers to the backside of the body?

Dorsal Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct anatomical term for the wrist?

Carpal Signup and view all the answers

Which term signifies the surface of the body?

Superficial Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical term is used for the area of the lower back?

Lumbar Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms refers to the pelvis?

Pelvic Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the area behind the knee?

Popliteal Signup and view all the answers

Which term indicates a position closer to the midline of the body?

Medial Signup and view all the answers

Which of these terms describes the forehead area?

Frontal Signup and view all the answers

What system is responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients for energy and growth?

Digestive System Signup and view all the answers

Which system includes the brain and spinal cord as its primary components?

Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which system plays a major role in producing blood and lymph cells?

Skeletal System Signup and view all the answers

What is considered one of the most complicated systems in the body?

Immune System Signup and view all the answers

Which components are included in the skeletal system?

206 Bones and Bone Marrow Signup and view all the answers

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

80 Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body is included in the peripheral nervous system?

Nerves Signup and view all the answers

Identify a component that is part of the immune system.

Thymus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy

Anatomy is the science of body structures and their relationships.
Terms derived from Greek: "Ana" means up, and "Tomy" means the process of cutting.
Various anatomical sections include:
- Transverse Section: Crosswise division (horizontal cut).
- Oblique Section: Diagonal cut through the body.
- Longitudinal Section: Division lengthwise.

Physiology

Physiology studies how body parts function and work together.

Anatomical Planes and Sections

Sagittal/Longitudinal Plane: Divides the body into right and left sections.
- Median Plane: Passes through the midline, dividing into equal halves.
- Parasagittal Plane: Divides the body into unequal right and left sides.
Frontal/Coronal Plane: Separates anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions.
Key positions:
- Proximal: Closer to the center or attachment point (e.g., shoulder to elbow).
- Distal: Further from the center (e.g., phalanges are distal to carpals).
- Superficial/External: Towards the body's surface (e.g., ribs are superficial to lungs).
- Deep/Internal: Away from the body's surface (e.g., ribs are deep to skin).

Anatomical Terms

Front: Anterior; Back: Posterior.
Head: Cephalic; Skull: Cranial; Face: Facial; Neck: Cervical.
Arm: Brachial; Wrist: Carpal; Chest: Thoracic; Abdomen: Abdominal.
Leg: Crural; Foot: Pedal; Calf: Sural; Sole: Plantar.

Anatomical Position

Individual stands upright, facing forward with arms at sides and palms forward.
Feet are flat and directed forward.

Organ Systems Overview

Circulatory System: Transports oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products.
Lymphatic System: Drains excess fluid, transports nutrients, and boosts immune responses.
Respiratory System: Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide).
Musculoskeletal System: Provides structure and facilitates movement and physical abilities.
Skeletal System: Comprises 206 bones, supporting the body and enabling mobility.
Digestive System: Breaks down food into nutrients for energy and growth (includes mouth to anus).
Nervous System: Central command structure for communication between body parts (brain and spinal cord form the CNS).
Immune System: Defends against infections; involves lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other immune organs.
Reproductive System: Completes biological reproduction, involving specific organs and hormone production.

Directional Terms

Superior: Above another part (e.g., heart is superior to liver).
Cranial: Toward the head (e.g., stomach is more cranial than bladder).
Inferior: Below another part (e.g., stomach is inferior to lungs).
Rostral: Toward the facial area (e.g., frontal lobe is rostral to occipital lobe).
Caudal: Toward the tail or posterior part (e.g., lumbar vertebrae are caudal to cervical vertebrae).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the basics of anatomy and physiology, focusing on the definitions and concepts related to body structures. This quiz will cover topics such as anatomical sections and their significance in understanding human anatomy.