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Questions and Answers
What serves as the standard reference point for anatomical descriptions?
Which of the following terms describes a location toward the head?
In anatomical terminology, which term means 'away from the midline of the body'?
Which anatomical direction is described as 'closer to the point of attachment'?
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What does the term 'contralateral' indicate?
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Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites in anatomical direction?
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In anatomical terms, which of the following is true about a structure described as 'deep'?
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What does the term 'inferior' describe?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology II
- Instructor: Dr. Na'Lexxus Browne, MD, BMSc
- Course focused on Human Anatomy and Physiology 1 (NURS1108)
Medical Terminology in A&P
Anatomical Position
- Defined as a standing posture with feet parallel and flat on the ground.
- Head is level, eyes gaze forward, arms are at the sides with palms facing forward, thumbs pointed outward.
- Serves as a reference for describing body positions, movements, and planes.
Anatomical Directions
- Utilize specific directional terms that have opposites for clarity.
Table of Orientation and Directional Terms
- Superior (cranial): Indicates a position toward the head; e.g., the head is superior to the abdomen.
- Inferior (caudal): Indicates a position toward the feet; e.g., the navel is inferior to the chest.
- Anterior (ventral): Refers to a position toward the front; e.g., the breastbone is anterior to the spine.
- Posterior (dorsal): Refers to a position toward the back; e.g., the heart is posterior to the breastbone.
Additional Anatomical Directions
- Medial: Toward the midline of the body; e.g., the heart is medial to the arm.
- Lateral: Away from the midline; e.g., the arms are lateral to the chest.
- Proximal: Closer to the body's point of attachment; e.g., the elbow is proximal to the wrist.
- Distal: Farther from the body's point of attachment; e.g., the knee is distal to the thigh.
Further Orientation and Directional Terms
- Superficial (external): Toward the body surface; e.g., the skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
- Deep (internal): Away from the body surface; e.g., the lungs are deep to the skin.
- Ipsilateral: Located on the same side; e.g., the right hand and right foot are ipsilateral.
- Contralateral: Located on opposite sides; e.g., the right hand and left foot are contralateral.
Anatomical Body Planes
- A plane is an imaginary surface that sections the body or an organ into parts, facilitating the description of anatomy.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from Lecture 2 of Anatomy & Physiology II, focusing on the anatomical position and medical terminology relevant to the field. Understand the fundamental aspects that lay the groundwork for more advanced studies in human anatomy.
