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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are the four classes of large biomolecules?
Which of the following are the four classes of large biomolecules?
What is the name of the process that breaks down macromolecules and releases energy?
What is the name of the process that breaks down macromolecules and releases energy?
Catabolism
What type of chemical bond is formed between amino acids, and what is the name of the resulting polymer?
What type of chemical bond is formed between amino acids, and what is the name of the resulting polymer?
A peptide bond, a polypeptide
The building blocks of carbohydrates are called ______
The building blocks of carbohydrates are called ______
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What is the name of the storage polysaccharide in humans?
What is the name of the storage polysaccharide in humans?
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What are the three major types of lipids?
What are the three major types of lipids?
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The major macromolecules are mostly ______
The major macromolecules are mostly ______
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Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in humans.
Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide found in humans.
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What is the monomer that makes up nucleic acids?
What is the monomer that makes up nucleic acids?
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What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
What are the two main types of nucleic acids?
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DNA is a single stranded molecule.
DNA is a single stranded molecule.
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What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
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What is the primary function of ATP in cells?
What is the primary function of ATP in cells?
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What is the name of the process that converts glucose into energy in the form of ATP?
What is the name of the process that converts glucose into energy in the form of ATP?
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What are the four main functions of the digestive system?
What are the four main functions of the digestive system?
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What type of digestion involves breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition?
What type of digestion involves breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition?
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What type of digestion involves the use of enzymes to break down food molecules into smaller units?
What type of digestion involves the use of enzymes to break down food molecules into smaller units?
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The enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that breaks down starch is called ______
The enzyme secreted by the salivary glands that breaks down starch is called ______
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What is the name of the flap of tissue at the upper part of the larynx that prevents food from entering the trachea?
What is the name of the flap of tissue at the upper part of the larynx that prevents food from entering the trachea?
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What is the main function of the stomach?
What is the main function of the stomach?
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What is the name of the enzyme secreted by the stomach that breaks down proteins?
What is the name of the enzyme secreted by the stomach that breaks down proteins?
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What is the main function of the liver in digestion?
What is the main function of the liver in digestion?
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The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.
The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.
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What is the name of the organ that secretes digestive enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases into the small intestine?
What is the name of the organ that secretes digestive enzymes like proteases, amylases, and lipases into the small intestine?
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What are the three regions of the small intestine?
What are the three regions of the small intestine?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the large intestine?
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The anus is a terminal opening of the anal canal.
The anus is a terminal opening of the anal canal.
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The process where the movement of nutrients, salts, and water from the GI tract into the bloodstream is called ______
The process where the movement of nutrients, salts, and water from the GI tract into the bloodstream is called ______
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What is the name of the wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract?
What is the name of the wave-like muscle contractions that move food along the digestive tract?
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What are the two types of movement in the stomach?
What are the two types of movement in the stomach?
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The stomach only performs mechanical digestion.
The stomach only performs mechanical digestion.
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What are the three main types of digestion that occur in the small intestine?
What are the three main types of digestion that occur in the small intestine?
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What are the two main mechanisms of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
What are the two main mechanisms of nutrient absorption in the small intestine?
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The presence of high fiber in the diet can promote constipation.
The presence of high fiber in the diet can promote constipation.
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Which of the following is a potential consequence of a weak lower esophageal sphincter?
Which of the following is a potential consequence of a weak lower esophageal sphincter?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Anatomy & Physiology for Paramedics I
- Course Code: 101-127-AB 00001
- Instructor: Samuel Richer
- Institution: John Abbott CEGEP/COLLEGE
Instructor Contact Information
- Pronouns: He/Him
- Email: [email protected]
- Office: AME-308
- Office Hours:
- Monday: 10:30 AM - 2:30 PM
- Tuesday: 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
- Thursday: 12:30 PM - 2:30 PM
- Other Contact Methods:
- Appointment on Microsoft Teams
- Zoom calls
Course Outline
- Unit 1: Characteristics of Living Things, Homeostasis
- Unit 2: Biomolecules & Cell Anatomy, Tissues
- Unit 3: Neural Transmission & the Nervous System
Anonymous Feedback Form
- Link: https://forms.gle/owpTi9TrhJZBxKpK7
- Provide constructive feedback on teaching, lectures, slides, assignments, and tests.
- Include questions such as: Does the instructor talk too fast? Are lectures too boring? Would you like more/fewer interactive activities?
Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Learning Objectives
- Define structural levels (atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems).
- Distinguish between atoms, molecules, and ions.
- Identify ion behavior in solutions (electricity conductivity, water mix).
- Describe the function of ions and molecules in the body.
- List elements & symbols of major ions inside and between tissue cells.
- Distinguish between intermolecular and intramolecular forces and types of covalent bonds (Polar & Nonpolar).
- Distinguish between hydrophilic (covalent polar) and hydrophobic (covalent non-polar) biomolecules according to experimental data (mixing with water) and electron behavior (equal or unequal electron sharing).
Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Additional Information
- Laboratory: Preparation for Spinal Cord Lab Laboratory; Pre-Lab H5P.
- Theory: Quiz on Wednesday, October 9th; Class Test Unit 1 on Wednesday, October 16th.
Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Atomic Structure
- Nucleus contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge).
- Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus.
- Opposite charges attract.
- The number of protons defines an element.
- Atomic number equals the number of protons (most often equals number of electrons).
Lecture 2: Biomolecules
- Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
- All 4 classes of biomolecules are polymers, long chains of monomers.
Lecture 2: Biomolecules - Monomer & Polymers
- Monomer: single unit of a polymer
- Polymer: a chain of monomers.
Announcements - Laboratory
- Post-Lab PDF is due Friday, October 25.
- Read the Lab Manual for tissues lab.
- Pre-Lab (2 separate H5P).
- Prelab 4 week 2: tissue layers and epithelium H5P.
- Prelab 4 week 2: connective tissue H5P.
Announcements - Theory
- Assignment Problem set 1 & 2 (Due before Unit Test 2).
- Peer-Tutoring Program Tutors
Lecture 2: Learning Objectives
- Describe the structure and function of biomolecule classes.
- Identify biomolecules in foods and in parts of cells.
- Define monomer, intermediate, polymer.
- Define types of monomers within biomolecule classes.
- Describe the functional importance of biomolecules.
- Discuss metabolic imbalances (hyperthermia, acidosis) and their effect on protein denaturation, and medical importance.
Hierarchy of Living Organisms
- Atom (smallest unit of an element).
- Molecule (two or more atoms held together).
- Organelle (parts of the cell).
- Cell (basic unit of life)
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides (simple sugars): glucose, fructose, galactose.
- Disaccharides (two monosaccharides bonded): sucrose, maltose, lactose.
- Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides bonded): starch, glycogen, cellulose.
- Glycogen: energy storage, heavily branched
- Starch: plant energy storage, less branched
- Cellulose: plant structural support, linear
Lipids
- Fats: fatty acids + glycerol, energy storage.
- Saturated: single bonds between carbons.
- Unsaturated: double bonds between carbons.
- Phospholipids: major cell membrane components.
- Amphipathic (both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions).
- Steroids: composed of four fused rings, cell membrane constituents, hormones. (Cholesterol, vitamin D, bile salts).
Proteins
- Monomer: amino acid.
- Polymer: polypeptide.
- Peptide bonds link amino acids.
- Four levels of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary) determine unique protein shape and function.
- Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions.
Nucleic Acids
- Monomer: nucleotide.
- Phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
- DNA: double stranded.
- Contains deoxyribose sugar.
- Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G).
- RNA: single-stranded.
- Contains ribose sugar.
- Contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
- DNA vs. RNA Structure
- Structure and function differ.
- Roles of DNA & RNA in cell life: instructions for making proteins & transmitting genes to offspring.
ATP
- Adenosine triphosphate.
- Principal energy currency of cells.
- Energy released by breaking the bond between phosphate groups.
- Phosphate groups are added to proteins by phosphorylation to activate the proteins.
Digestion and Absorption
- Mechanical Digestion: physically breaking down foods. (chewing, churning in stomach)
- Chemical Digestion: uses enzymes (proteins) to break down food.
- Amylase: digests carbohydrates.
- Pepsin: digests proteins
- Lipase: digests lipids.
- Absorption: process of moving nutrients, salts and water into the GI tract.
- Small intestine: most absorption occurs here.
- Large intestine: reabsorbs water; forms and propels feces.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the concepts covered in the Anatomy & Physiology for Paramedics I course. This quiz will focus on the characteristics of living things, cell anatomy, and neural transmission. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand the foundational concepts essential for paramedics.
