Anatomy & Physiology for Paramedics I Quiz

Course Information

• Course Title: Anatomy & Physiology for Paramedics I
• Course Code: 101-127-AB 00001
• Instructor: Samuel Richer
• Institution: John Abbott CEGEP/COLLEGE

Instructor Contact Information

• Pronouns: He/Him
• Email: [email protected]
• Office: AME-308
• Office Hours:
  • Monday: 10:30 AM - 2:30 PM
  • Tuesday: 2:00 PM - 4:00 PM
  • Thursday: 12:30 PM - 2:30 PM
• Other Contact Methods:
  • Appointment on Microsoft Teams
  • Zoom calls

Course Outline

• Unit 1: Characteristics of Living Things, Homeostasis
• Unit 2: Biomolecules & Cell Anatomy, Tissues
• Unit 3: Neural Transmission & the Nervous System

Anonymous Feedback Form

• Link: https://forms.gle/owpTi9TrhJZBxKpK7
• Provide constructive feedback on teaching, lectures, slides, assignments, and tests.
• Include questions such as: Does the instructor talk too fast? Are lectures too boring? Would you like more/fewer interactive activities?

Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Learning Objectives

• Define structural levels (atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, systems).
• Distinguish between atoms, molecules, and ions.
• Identify ion behavior in solutions (electricity conductivity, water mix).
• Describe the function of ions and molecules in the body.
• List elements & symbols of major ions inside and between tissue cells.
• Distinguish between intermolecular and intramolecular forces and types of covalent bonds (Polar & Nonpolar).
• Distinguish between hydrophilic (covalent polar) and hydrophobic (covalent non-polar) biomolecules according to experimental data (mixing with water) and electron behavior (equal or unequal electron sharing).

Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Additional Information

• Laboratory: Preparation for Spinal Cord Lab Laboratory; Pre-Lab H5P.
• Theory: Quiz on Wednesday, October 9th; Class Test Unit 1 on Wednesday, October 16th.

Lecture 1: Atoms, Ions & Molecules - Atomic Structure

• Nucleus contains protons (positive charge) and neutrons (neutral charge).
• Electrons (negative charge) orbit the nucleus.
• Opposite charges attract.
• The number of protons defines an element.
• Atomic number equals the number of protons (most often equals number of electrons).

Lecture 2: Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
• All 4 classes of biomolecules are polymers, long chains of monomers.

Lecture 2: Biomolecules - Monomer & Polymers

• Monomer: single unit of a polymer
• Polymer: a chain of monomers.

Announcements - Laboratory

• Post-Lab PDF is due Friday, October 25.
• Read the Lab Manual for tissues lab.
• Pre-Lab (2 separate H5P).
• Prelab 4 week 2: tissue layers and epithelium H5P.
• Prelab 4 week 2: connective tissue H5P.

Announcements - Theory

• Assignment Problem set 1 & 2 (Due before Unit Test 2).
• Peer-Tutoring Program Tutors

Lecture 2: Learning Objectives

• Describe the structure and function of biomolecule classes.
• Identify biomolecules in foods and in parts of cells.
• Define monomer, intermediate, polymer.
• Define types of monomers within biomolecule classes.
• Describe the functional importance of biomolecules.
• Discuss metabolic imbalances (hyperthermia, acidosis) and their effect on protein denaturation, and medical importance.

Hierarchy of Living Organisms

• Atom (smallest unit of an element).
• Molecule (two or more atoms held together).
• Organelle (parts of the cell).
• Cell (basic unit of life)
• Tissue
• Organ
• Organ system
• Organism

Carbohydrates

• Monosaccharides (simple sugars): glucose, fructose, galactose.
• Disaccharides (two monosaccharides bonded): sucrose, maltose, lactose.
• Polysaccharides (many monosaccharides bonded): starch, glycogen, cellulose.
  • Glycogen: energy storage, heavily branched
  • Starch: plant energy storage, less branched
  • Cellulose: plant structural support, linear

Lipids

• Fats: fatty acids + glycerol, energy storage.
• Saturated: single bonds between carbons.
• Unsaturated: double bonds between carbons.
• Phospholipids: major cell membrane components.
• Amphipathic (both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions).
• Steroids: composed of four fused rings, cell membrane constituents, hormones. (Cholesterol, vitamin D, bile salts).

Proteins

• Monomer: amino acid.
• Polymer: polypeptide.
• Peptide bonds link amino acids.
• Four levels of structure (primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary) determine unique protein shape and function.
• Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions.

Nucleic Acids

• Monomer: nucleotide.
• Phosphate, sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
• DNA: double stranded.
• Contains deoxyribose sugar.
• Nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G).
• RNA: single-stranded.
• Contains ribose sugar.
• Contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T).
• DNA vs. RNA Structure
• Structure and function differ.
• Roles of DNA & RNA in cell life: instructions for making proteins & transmitting genes to offspring.

ATP

• Adenosine triphosphate.
• Principal energy currency of cells.
• Energy released by breaking the bond between phosphate groups.
• Phosphate groups are added to proteins by phosphorylation to activate the proteins.

Digestion and Absorption

• Mechanical Digestion: physically breaking down foods. (chewing, churning in stomach)
• Chemical Digestion: uses enzymes (proteins) to break down food.
  • Amylase: digests carbohydrates.
  • Pepsin: digests proteins
  • Lipase: digests lipids.
• Absorption: process of moving nutrients, salts and water into the GI tract.
• Small intestine: most absorption occurs here.
• Large intestine: reabsorbs water; forms and propels feces.