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Questions and Answers
Which of the following cavities contains the heart and lungs?
What is the term for the direction towards the midline?
Which of the following organs is located in the retroperitoneal space?
What is the term for the inflammation of the pericardium?
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Which of the following regions includes the head, neck, and trunk?
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What is the term for the direction away from the midline?
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Which of the following is an example of a superficial structure?
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What is the term for the direction towards the interior of the body?
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Which of the following cavities contains the liver, stomach, and intestines?
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Which of the following is NOT a subdivision of the abdomen?
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Study Notes
Body Organization
- The body is divided into central and peripheral regions:
- Central region includes the head, neck, and trunk
- Peripheral region includes the upper and lower limbs
- The trunk is divided into three cavities:
- Thoracic cavity (chest cavity) containing the heart and lungs
- Abdominal cavity containing digestive organs (e.g. stomach, intestines)
- Pelvic cavity containing the urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and reproductive organs
Body Cavities and Membranes
- Thoracic cavity is divided into:
- Pleural cavities (each enclosing a lung)
- Mediastinum (containing the heart, major blood vessels, thymus, trachea, and esophagus)
- Abdominal cavity contains many digestive organs (e.g. stomach, intestines, liver) and the spleen
- Pelvic cavity contains urinary bladder, urethra, rectum, and reproductive organs
- Serosal membranes line the trunk cavities and cover organs within these cavities
- Parietal membranes are found against the outer wall of a body cavity
- Visceral membranes cover organs within a cavity
Directions and Positions
- Directions in the body:
- Proximal: nearest the attached end of a limb
- Distal: farthest from the attached end of a limb
- Medial: towards the midline
- Lateral: away from the midline
- Superficial: structure close to the surface of the body
- Deep: towards the interior of the body
- Quadrants of the abdomen:
- Right upper
- Left upper
- Right lower
- Left lower
Organizational Levels
- Organizational levels of the body, from simplest to most complex:
- Chemical
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
- Organism
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of human anatomy and physiology, including the location of pain in appendicitis and the function of different membranes in the body.
