Anatomy and Physiology: Unit 1, Lesson 1

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Questions and Answers

What is homeostasis?

A relatively constant internal environment.

Identify the oldest medical science.

Anatomy.

Why is studying human anatomy and physiology important?

Understanding normal physiology assists in recognizing when something abnormal occurs within the body.

What is anatomy?

<p>A cutting open, study of internal and external structures of the body and the physical relationships among body parts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is physiology?

<p>The study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define anatomy and physiology.

<p>Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures; physiology is the study of how living organisms perform functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe medical terminology.

<p>The use of prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and combining forms to construct anatomical, physiological, or medical terms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define eponym.

<p>A commemorative name for a structure or clinical condition that was originally named for a real or mythical person.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the book that serves as the international standard for anatomical vocabulary.

<p>International Anatomical Terminology (Terminologia Anatomica or TA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gross anatomy?

<p>Macroscopic anatomy, examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are organ systems?

<p>Groups of organs that function together in a coordinated manner.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is embryology?

<p>The study of structural changes occurring during the first two months of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is microscopic anatomy?

<p>Structures that cannot be seen without magnification.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cytology?

<p>The study of the internal structure of individual cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cells?

<p>The simplest units of life, composed of chemical substances in various combinations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is histology?

<p>The examination of tissues, groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are organs?

<p>Tissues combine to form organs; at the organ level, we cross the boundary from microscopic anatomy to gross anatomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is human physiology?

<p>The study of the functions of the human body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe how anatomy and physiology are closely related.

<p>Anatomy and physiology are closely related because all specific functions are performed by specific structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy?

<p>Gross anatomy involves studying body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye; microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures using a microscope.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify several specialties of physiology.

<p>Cell physiology, organ physiology, systemic physiology, and pathological physiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to separate anatomy from physiology?

<p>It is difficult to separate anatomy from physiology because the structures of body parts are closely related to their functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tissue?

<p>A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are organs?

<p>Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an organ system?

<p>A group of organs interacting to perform a particular function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the levels of organization in the human body?

<p>Chemical and molecular levels, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the organ systems?

<p>Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary, male reproductive, female reproductive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the major levels of organization of the human body from the simplest to the most complex.

<p>Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Homeostasis

  • Homeostasis refers to a relatively constant internal environment within the body.

Anatomy

  • Anatomy is the study of both internal and external structures of the body, including their physical relationships.
  • It is considered the oldest medical science.

Physiology

  • Physiology focuses on how living organisms perform vital functions.
  • Human physiology specifically studies the functions of the human body.

Importance of Study

  • Understanding normal physiological processes is essential for recognizing abnormal conditions in the body.

Medical Terminology

  • Comprised of prefixes, suffixes, word roots, and combining forms to construct terms related to anatomy and physiology.

Eponyms

  • An eponym is a name for a specific structure or clinical condition derived from a real or mythological person.

Anatomical Vocabulary

  • The international standard for anatomical terminology is found in the "Terminologia Anatomica" (TA).

Gross and Microscopic Anatomy

  • Gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy) involves studying structures visible to the naked eye.
  • Microscopic anatomy requires magnification to study structures not visible without it.

Specialized Fields

  • Several specialties within physiology include:
    • Cell physiology
    • Organ physiology
    • Systemic physiology
    • Pathological physiology

Relationship Between Anatomy and Physiology

  • Anatomy and physiology are interrelated; specific functions correspond to specific structures, emphasizing that "function follows form."

Levels of Organization

  • Human body organization can be understood through several levels:
    • Chemical and molecular levels
    • Cellular level
    • Tissue level
    • Organ level
    • Organ system level
    • Organism level

Organ Systems

  • Major organ systems of the human body include:
    • Integumentary
    • Skeletal
    • Muscular
    • Nervous
    • Endocrine
    • Cardiovascular
    • Lymphatic
    • Respiratory
    • Digestive
    • Urinary
    • Male reproductive
    • Female reproductive

Tissues and Organs

  • Tissues are groups of cells working together for specific functions.
  • Organs are formed by combining two or more tissues to perform several functions.

Difficulty in Separation

  • Anatomy and physiology are challenging to separate due to the strong relationship between body part structures and their functions.

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