Anatomy Labeling Flashcards

Skull Bones

• Frontal Bone: The bone forming the forehead and part of the eye sockets.
• Maxilla Bone: The upper jawbone that houses the upper teeth and forms part of the orbit.
• Mandible Bone: The lower jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull.
• Sphenoid Bone: A butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull that articulates with several other cranial bones.
• Zygomatic Bone: Known as the cheekbone, it contributes to the orbit and sides of the face.
• Temporal Bone: Part of the lateral skull, contains structures important for hearing and balance.
• Occipital Bone: The back and base of the skull containing the foramen magnum.
• Parietal Bone: Paired bones forming the top and sides of the skull.
• Nasal Bone: Two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.
• Lacrimal Bone: Small bones forming part of the eye socket.
• Ethmoid Bone: A complex bone at the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the eye socket.
• Vomer: A single bone forming the lower part of the nasal septum.

Vertebrate and Spinal Anatomy

• Atlas: The first cervical vertebra, supports the head.
• Axis: The second cervical vertebra, allowing head rotation.
• Cervical Vertebrae: Seven vertebrae (C1-C7) in the neck region.
• Thoracic Vertebrae: Twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribs, forming the thoracic spine.
• Lumbar Vertebrae: Five vertebrae in the lower back, designed for weight-bearing.
• Sacrum: Five fused vertebrae forming the posterior pelvis structure.
• Coccyx: The terminal part of the vertebral column, commonly known as the tailbone.

Bones of the Limbs

• Clavicle: The collarbone, connecting the arm to the body.
• Scapula: The shoulder blade, providing attachment for arm muscles.
• Humerus: The long bone of the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.
• Ulna: The inner and longer bone of the forearm, located on the pinky side.
• Radius: The outer and shorter bone of the forearm, located on the thumb side.
• Carpals: Eight wrist bones that articulate with the metacarpals.
• Metacarpals: Five bones that form the middle part of the hand.
• Phalanges: The bones of the fingers and toes.

Pelvic and Thigh Anatomy

• Coxal Bone: Hip bone consisting of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
• Femur: The longest bone in the body, known as the thigh bone.
• Tibia: The thicker bone in the lower leg located on the inner side.
• Fibula: The thinner bone in the lower leg located on the outer side.
• Patella: The kneecap; a sesamoid bone in front of the knee joint.

Foot and Ankle Structure

• Calcaneus: The heel bone.
• Talus: The ankle bone that articulates with leg bones.
• Tarsals: Seven bones that form the ankle.
• Metatarsals: Five bones of the foot that connect the ankle to the toes.

Ribcage Anatomy

• Sternum: The breastbone, articulating with clavicles and ribs.
• Manubrium: The upper section of the sternum.
• Xiphoid Process: The lower part of the sternum.
• True Ribs: The first seven pairs of ribs attaching directly to the sternum.
• False Ribs: Five pairs of ribs that attach indirectly to the sternum.
• Floating Ribs: The last two pairs of ribs that do not attach to the sternum.

Bone Structure and Growth

• Diaphysis: The main shaft of a long bone.
• Epiphysis: The extremities of a long bone.
• Medullary Cavity: Hollow center of long bones containing marrow.
• Epiphyseal Plate: Growth plate made of cartilage that allows for bone growth.
• Compact Bone: Dense outer layer providing strength to bones.
• Spongy Bone: Internal bone layer with a porous structure, found in the ends of long bones.

Specialized Cell Types

• Osteocyte: Mature bone cell embedded within the bone matrix.
• Osteoblast: Bone-forming cell responsible for new bone formation.
• Osteoclast: Bone-resorbing cell that breaks down bone tissue.
• Lacunae: Small cavities in bone housing osteocytes.
• Canaliculi: Tiny channels connecting lacunae, facilitating nutrient exchange.

Miscellaneous

• Fontanelle: Flexible areas on an infant's skull allowing for growth and passage during birth.
• Yellow Marrow: Fatty tissue in the medullary cavity of long bones in adults.
• Red Marrow: Hematopoietic tissue responsible for red blood cell production usually found in spongy bone.