Anatomy Labeling Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the Frontal Bone?

The longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton

A U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue

The outer and thinner bone of the human leg

A bone that forms the forehead (correct)

What is the definition of Maxilla Bone?

The upper jawbone that forms the structure of the face.

What is the Mandible Bone?

The lower jawbone.

What is the Sphenoid Bone?

A complex bone located at the base of the skull that contributes to the orbits of the eyes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Zygomatic Bone?

The cheekbone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Temporal Bone?

A pair of bones located at the sides and base of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Occipital Bone?

The bone that forms the back and base of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Parietal Bone?

Bones that form the sides and top of the skull. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Nasal Bone?

The two bones that form the bridge of the nose. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Lacrimal Bone?

Small bones forming part of the eye socket. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term Vomer refer to?

A thin bone forming part of the nasal septum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hyoid?

A U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What are cranial bones?

Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clavicle?

The collarbone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the scapula?

Either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings. Signup and view all the answers

What is the humerus?

The bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ulna?

The inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm (pinky side). Signup and view all the answers

What is the radius?

The outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm (thumb side). Signup and view all the answers

What are carpals?

Wrist bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are metacarpals?

Bones of the hand between the wrist and each finger. Signup and view all the answers

What are phalanges?

Fingers and toes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the coxal bone?

Hip bone composed of 3 parts: ilium, ischium, and pubis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ilium?

Upper portion of the hip bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the ischium?

Most inferior part of the hip bone; the 'sit down' bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pubic bone?

One of the three sections of the hip bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the femur?

The longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton, the thigh bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the tibia?

The inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the fibula?

The outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the patella?

A small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint. Signup and view all the answers

What is the calcaneus?

The heel bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the talus?

The bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint. Signup and view all the answers

What are tarsals?

Ankle bones. Signup and view all the answers

What are metatarsals?

Foot bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sternum?

The flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the manubrium?

Upper portion of the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the xiphoid process?

Lower portion of the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the body of the sternum?

The bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the bony thorax?

Sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. Signup and view all the answers

What are true ribs?

Top 7 pairs of ribs that attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

What are false ribs?

Last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What are floating ribs?

Last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to the sternum. Signup and view all the answers

What is the atlas?

The 1st cervical vertebra. Signup and view all the answers

What is the axis?

The 2nd cervical vertebra. Signup and view all the answers

What are cervical vertebrae?

Neck vertebrae C1-C7. Signup and view all the answers

What are thoracic vertebrae?

The second set of 12 vertebrae; they articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs. Signup and view all the answers

What does lumbar refer to?

Of or relating to the part of the back between the ribs and the hipbones. 5 of them. Signup and view all the answers

What is the sacrum?

Wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the coccyx?

The end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the diaphysis?

The main (mid) section of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the epiphysis?

The end of a long bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the medullary cavity?

Cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

Growth plate, made of cartilage, gradually ossifies. Signup and view all the answers

What is spongy bone?

Layer of bone tissue having many small spaces and found just inside the layer of compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is compact bone?

Hard, dense bone tissue that is beneath the outer membrane of a bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is the haversian canal?

Any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteocyte?

Mature bone cell. Signup and view all the answers

What are lacunae?

Small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What are canaliculae?

Small canals that branch out from the blood vessels and nourish the osteocytes. Signup and view all the answers

What is concentric lamella?

Ring of calcified matrix surrounding the Haversian canal. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteoblast?

Bone forming cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is interstitial lamella?

Fill in spaces between osteons. Signup and view all the answers

What is an osteoclast?

Cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is a fontanelle?

Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant. Signup and view all the answers

What is Volkman's canal?

Perforating canal, runs horizontally to Haversian canal in compact bone. Signup and view all the answers

What is yellow marrow?

Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones. Signup and view all the answers

What is red marrow?

(Hematopoietic tissue) typically found within the trabecular cavities of spongy bone of long bones. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skull Bones

Frontal Bone: The bone forming the forehead and part of the eye sockets.
Maxilla Bone: The upper jawbone that houses the upper teeth and forms part of the orbit.
Mandible Bone: The lower jawbone, the only movable bone of the skull.
Sphenoid Bone: A butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull that articulates with several other cranial bones.
Zygomatic Bone: Known as the cheekbone, it contributes to the orbit and sides of the face.
Temporal Bone: Part of the lateral skull, contains structures important for hearing and balance.
Occipital Bone: The back and base of the skull containing the foramen magnum.
Parietal Bone: Paired bones forming the top and sides of the skull.
Nasal Bone: Two small bones forming the bridge of the nose.
Lacrimal Bone: Small bones forming part of the eye socket.
Ethmoid Bone: A complex bone at the roof of the nasal cavity and part of the eye socket.
Vomer: A single bone forming the lower part of the nasal septum.

Vertebrate and Spinal Anatomy

Atlas: The first cervical vertebra, supports the head.
Axis: The second cervical vertebra, allowing head rotation.
Cervical Vertebrae: Seven vertebrae (C1-C7) in the neck region.
Thoracic Vertebrae: Twelve vertebrae that articulate with the ribs, forming the thoracic spine.
Lumbar Vertebrae: Five vertebrae in the lower back, designed for weight-bearing.
Sacrum: Five fused vertebrae forming the posterior pelvis structure.
Coccyx: The terminal part of the vertebral column, commonly known as the tailbone.

Bones of the Limbs

Clavicle: The collarbone, connecting the arm to the body.
Scapula: The shoulder blade, providing attachment for arm muscles.
Humerus: The long bone of the upper arm from shoulder to elbow.
Ulna: The inner and longer bone of the forearm, located on the pinky side.
Radius: The outer and shorter bone of the forearm, located on the thumb side.
Carpals: Eight wrist bones that articulate with the metacarpals.
Metacarpals: Five bones that form the middle part of the hand.
Phalanges: The bones of the fingers and toes.

Pelvic and Thigh Anatomy

Coxal Bone: Hip bone consisting of ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Femur: The longest bone in the body, known as the thigh bone.
Tibia: The thicker bone in the lower leg located on the inner side.
Fibula: The thinner bone in the lower leg located on the outer side.
Patella: The kneecap; a sesamoid bone in front of the knee joint.

Foot and Ankle Structure

Calcaneus: The heel bone.
Talus: The ankle bone that articulates with leg bones.
Tarsals: Seven bones that form the ankle.
Metatarsals: Five bones of the foot that connect the ankle to the toes.

Ribcage Anatomy

Sternum: The breastbone, articulating with clavicles and ribs.
Manubrium: The upper section of the sternum.
Xiphoid Process: The lower part of the sternum.
True Ribs: The first seven pairs of ribs attaching directly to the sternum.
False Ribs: Five pairs of ribs that attach indirectly to the sternum.
Floating Ribs: The last two pairs of ribs that do not attach to the sternum.

Bone Structure and Growth

Diaphysis: The main shaft of a long bone.
Epiphysis: The extremities of a long bone.
Medullary Cavity: Hollow center of long bones containing marrow.
Epiphyseal Plate: Growth plate made of cartilage that allows for bone growth.
Compact Bone: Dense outer layer providing strength to bones.
Spongy Bone: Internal bone layer with a porous structure, found in the ends of long bones.

Specialized Cell Types

Osteocyte: Mature bone cell embedded within the bone matrix.
Osteoblast: Bone-forming cell responsible for new bone formation.
Osteoclast: Bone-resorbing cell that breaks down bone tissue.
Lacunae: Small cavities in bone housing osteocytes.
Canaliculi: Tiny channels connecting lacunae, facilitating nutrient exchange.

Miscellaneous

Fontanelle: Flexible areas on an infant's skull allowing for growth and passage during birth.
Yellow Marrow: Fatty tissue in the medullary cavity of long bones in adults.
Red Marrow: Hematopoietic tissue responsible for red blood cell production usually found in spongy bone.

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Description

Test your knowledge of human anatomy with these labeling flashcards focused on various bones of the skull. Each card highlights a specific bone, providing a clear definition for deeper understanding. Perfect for students and enthusiasts looking to enhance their anatomical vocabulary.