Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 1-3 Flashcards

Cutting open; structure

Function

<p>What can be seen and studied with the naked eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Use of microscopes, with limitations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body's adjustments to changes that help preserve homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A response to a stimulus 'corrects' the situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulus produces a response that reinforces that stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects against environmental hazards; helps control body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directs immediate response to stimuli, usually by coordinating the activities of other organ systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Processes food and absorbs nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eliminates excess water, salts, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex cells and hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allows for locomotion; provides support; produces heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Support; protects tissues; stores minerals; forms blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defends against infection and disease, returns tissue fluid to the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells and dissolved materials, including nutrients, wastes, and gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Delivers air to sites where gas exchange can occur between the air and circulating blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Long-term changes in activities of other organ systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divides into superior and inferior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divides into anterior and posterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cuts into left and right</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diaphragm divides cavity into thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pericardial cavity, pleural cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>If an element contains a different number of neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecules formed from the sharing of electrons in the outer shell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonds formed by a reaction of anions and cations (non-metal and metal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Formed from hydrogen bonds of one molecule and adjacent molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>AB to A + B</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A + B to AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances that accelerate chemical reactions and lower the activation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A state of balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The energy required for a reaction to occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule in which the centroid of the positive charges is different from the centroid of the negative charges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excellent solvent</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>React in solution and increase the number of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>React in solution and decrease the number of hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chains of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose); Great for stored energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of organic compounds composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen including a proportionately smaller amount of oxygen; are insoluble in water, and serve as a source of stored energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipid made up of a glycerol joined to two fatty acids and a phosphate group; has two hydrophobic tails and a polar, hydrophilic head</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Does not require energy - diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Requires energy - carrier-mediated transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carrier proteins that move ions with counter transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Movement of material between organelles in the eukaryotic cell via membrane-enclosed vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process in which a cell engulfs extracellular material through an inward folding of its plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having the same solute concentration as another solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a higher osmotic pressure than a comparison solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA tightly coiled around histone proteins to form nucleosomes. Nucleosomes are coiled to form coils, then coiled further to form supercoils</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Collection of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA to RNA (nucleus)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA to Protein (ribosomes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA - RNA - proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; consists of G1, S, and G2 phases</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Mitosis conserves chromosome number by equally allocating replicated chromosomes to each of the daughter nuclei.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Division of the cytoplasm during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides isolation, protection, sensitivity, and support; controls entrance/exit of materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Do not contain carbon or hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon and hydrogen atoms primarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distributes materials by diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Provides strength and support; enables movement of cellular structures and materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Break down and recycle damaged or abnormal intracellular proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretory products; provides intracellular storage and transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Packages newly synthesized proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipids and carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stores, alters, and packages secretory products; forms lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove damaged organelles or pathogens within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catabolize fats and other organic compounds; neutralize toxic compounds generated in the process</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Produce 95% of the ATP required by the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controls metabolism; stores and processes genetic information; controls protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA and assembles ribosomal subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active sites connect with substrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body; below</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward or at the front of the body; in front of</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward or at the back of the body; behind</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Between a more medial and a more lateral structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Toward or at the body surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Away from the body surface; more internal</p> Signup and view all the answers