Questions and Answers
What is the name of the tonsil located in the tongue?
What is the name of the groove that divides the tongue into oral and pharyngeal parts?
What is the function of the papillae on the tongue?
What is the function of the foramen caecum?
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What is the name of the folds that connect the posterior part of the tongue to the epiglottis?
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What is the name of the muscles related to the tongue in between the mandible and hyoid bones?
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What is the name of the depression on either side of the median glossoepiglottic fold?
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What is the name of the folds on the inferior surface of the tongue on either side of the frenulum?
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What is the characteristic of the fungiform papillae?
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What is the purpose of the attachments of the root of the tongue?
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What is the function of the keratin on the filiform papillae?
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What is the name of the part of the tongue that lies behind the palatoglossal arches?
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What is the shape of the dorsum of the tongue?
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Where are the foliate papillae located?
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What separates the vallecula from the piriform fossa?
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What is the name of the fold on the inferior surface of the tongue?
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Study Notes
The Tongue
- The tongue has three parts: the root, tip, and body.
- The root is attached to the styloid process, soft palate, mandible, and hyoid bone, making it impossible to swallow the tongue itself.
- The body has a curved upper surface (dorsum) and an inferior surface confined to the oral part only.
Dorsum of the Tongue
- The dorsum is convex in all directions and divided into oral and pharyngeal parts by the sulcus terminalis.
- The oral part makes up the anterior two-thirds, and the pharyngeal part makes up the posterior one-third.
Oral Part of the Tongue
- The oral part is placed on the floor of the mouth, with free margins in contact with the gums and teeth.
- The superior surface has a median furrow and is covered with papillae, making it rough.
- The inferior surface is covered with a smooth mucous membrane, with a median fold called the frenulum linguae.
Pharyngeal Part of the Tongue
- The pharyngeal part lies behind the palatoglossal arches and sulcus terminalis.
- The mucous membrane has no papillae but has many lymphoid follicles that constitute the lingual tonsil.
- Mucous glands are also present.
Posteriormost Part of the Tongue
- The posteriormost part is connected to the epiglottis by three folds of mucous membrane: the median glossoepiglottic fold and the right and left lateral glossoepiglottic folds.
- On either side of the median fold, there is a depression called the vallecula.
Papillae on the Tongue
- There are four types of papillae:
- Vallate or circumvallate papillae: large, 1-2 mm in diameter, 8-12 in number, situated in front of the sulcus terminalis, with taste buds.
- Fungiform papillae: numerous near the tip and margins of the tongue, bright red in color, with a narrow pedicle and a large rounded head.
- Filiform papillae or conical papillae: smallest and most numerous, cover the presulcal area of the dorsum, giving it a velvety appearance.
- Foliate papillae: leaf-shaped, present at the lateral border just in front of circumvallate papillae.
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Description
Learn about the structure and parts of the tongue, including the root, tip, body, and dorsum, and their roles in the human mouth.