Podcast
Questions and Answers
The tongue is a highly muscular organ involved in ______, taste and speech.
The tongue is a highly muscular organ involved in ______, taste and speech.
deglutition
The presulcal part of the tongue is located anteriorly to the ______ terminalis.
The presulcal part of the tongue is located anteriorly to the ______ terminalis.
sulcus
The tongue is attached by its muscles to the hyoid bone, mandible, ______ process, soft palate, and pharyngeal wall.
The tongue is attached by its muscles to the hyoid bone, mandible, ______ process, soft palate, and pharyngeal wall.
styloid
The ______ surface of the tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum.
The ______ surface of the tongue is connected to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum.
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Different types of papilla on the tongue's dorsal surface are involved in the perception of ______.
Different types of papilla on the tongue's dorsal surface are involved in the perception of ______.
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The ______ part of the tongue lies posterior to the palatoglossal arches.
The ______ part of the tongue lies posterior to the palatoglossal arches.
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The dorsal surface of the tongue has a median longitudinal ______, which divides it along its length.
The dorsal surface of the tongue has a median longitudinal ______, which divides it along its length.
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The ______ nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
The ______ nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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The floor of the oral cavity is mainly formed by the muscular diaphragm, genihyoid muscles, and the ______.
The floor of the oral cavity is mainly formed by the muscular diaphragm, genihyoid muscles, and the ______.
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The mylohyoid nerve provides innervation to the ______ muscles, which define the inferior limit of the floor of the oral cavity.
The mylohyoid nerve provides innervation to the ______ muscles, which define the inferior limit of the floor of the oral cavity.
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The genihyoid muscles originate from the inferior mental spine and insert into the body of the ______.
The genihyoid muscles originate from the inferior mental spine and insert into the body of the ______.
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When the hyoid is fixed, the mylohyoid muscles can depress the ______.
When the hyoid is fixed, the mylohyoid muscles can depress the ______.
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The lingual frenulum is the structure that attaches the ______ to the floor of the mouth.
The lingual frenulum is the structure that attaches the ______ to the floor of the mouth.
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The lingual nerve, a branch of the ______ nerve, provides taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
The lingual nerve, a branch of the ______ nerve, provides taste sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue.
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The muscle responsible for closing the lips is called the ______ muscle.
The muscle responsible for closing the lips is called the ______ muscle.
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The posterior third of the tongue receives taste information primarily through the ______ nerve.
The posterior third of the tongue receives taste information primarily through the ______ nerve.
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Beneath the hard and soft palate, the ______ forms the ceiling of the oral cavity.
Beneath the hard and soft palate, the ______ forms the ceiling of the oral cavity.
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The tongue muscles, except the palatoglossus, are all innervated by the ______ nerve.
The tongue muscles, except the palatoglossus, are all innervated by the ______ nerve.
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The ______ epithelium is found on the gums and hard palate and consists of stratified squamous keratinized cells.
The ______ epithelium is found on the gums and hard palate and consists of stratified squamous keratinized cells.
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Taste buds are located in the ______ epithelium found on some regions of the tongue.
Taste buds are located in the ______ epithelium found on some regions of the tongue.
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The ______ gland's ducts empty their secretions into the oral cavity proper.
The ______ gland's ducts empty their secretions into the oral cavity proper.
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Branches of the trigeminal nerve provide sensory information to the upper part of the oral cavity, which includes the ______.
Branches of the trigeminal nerve provide sensory information to the upper part of the oral cavity, which includes the ______.
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The internal surface of the lips is lined with ______ epithelium.
The internal surface of the lips is lined with ______ epithelium.
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The lingual nerve is a branch of the ______ nerve.
The lingual nerve is a branch of the ______ nerve.
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The muscle responsible for elevating the soft palate during swallowing is the ______.
The muscle responsible for elevating the soft palate during swallowing is the ______.
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The hard palate is primarily composed of the palatine process of the ______.
The hard palate is primarily composed of the palatine process of the ______.
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The ______ is a mobile fold that separates the oral cavity from the pharynx.
The ______ is a mobile fold that separates the oral cavity from the pharynx.
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The tensor veli palatini muscle is innervated by the ______ nerve.
The tensor veli palatini muscle is innervated by the ______ nerve.
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The ______ foramen allows passage for the greater palatine artery and nerve.
The ______ foramen allows passage for the greater palatine artery and nerve.
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The palatoglossus muscle functions to ______ the soft palate and elevate the back of the tongue.
The palatoglossus muscle functions to ______ the soft palate and elevate the back of the tongue.
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The main function of the musculus uvulae is to ______ and retract the uvula.
The main function of the musculus uvulae is to ______ and retract the uvula.
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The floor of the mouth receives blood supply from branches of the ______ artery.
The floor of the mouth receives blood supply from branches of the ______ artery.
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The soft palate is covered by ______ epithelium on its oral surface.
The soft palate is covered by ______ epithelium on its oral surface.
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The ______ nerve is responsible for the sensation of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
The ______ nerve is responsible for the sensation of taste on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
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The ______ muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of the tongue.
The ______ muscle is primarily responsible for the movement of the tongue.
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The ______ is the part of the oral cavity that is located between the lips and teeth.
The ______ is the part of the oral cavity that is located between the lips and teeth.
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The ______ muscle elevates the back of the tongue during swallowing.
The ______ muscle elevates the back of the tongue during swallowing.
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The ______ nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue.
The ______ nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue.
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The ______ muscle acts as a sphincter for the oral cavity.
The ______ muscle acts as a sphincter for the oral cavity.
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The ______ is a structure that helps form the floor of the mouth.
The ______ is a structure that helps form the floor of the mouth.
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The ______ tonsils are located at the back of the oral cavity.
The ______ tonsils are located at the back of the oral cavity.
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The ______ provides the main blood supply to the oral cavity.
The ______ provides the main blood supply to the oral cavity.
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The submandibular salivary glands are located beneath the ______.
The submandibular salivary glands are located beneath the ______.
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Study Notes
Digestive System
- The digestive system processes food through mechanical and chemical breakdown, and absorption.
- It eliminates waste products.
- The alimentary mucosa is the surface where digestion occurs with functions like preventing harmful substances, immunologic actions (MALT and GALT), secreting enzymes, HCl, mucines, antibodies and absorbing nutrients.
Oral Cavity
- Located inferior to the nasal cavities
- Consists of the mouth and its contents (teeth, tongue, salivary glands, and tonsils)
- Divided into vestibule and oral cavity proper:
- Vestibule: the area between the lips and cheeks and teeth
- Oral cavity proper: is enclosed by dental arches, hard and soft palate, and tongue
Important Nerves for the Oral Cavity
- Sensory information: predominantly from the trigeminal nerve (V), with branches for maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) nerves
- Taste sensation:
- Anterior two-thirds of the tongue: from the lingual nerve, a branch of the mandibular nerve, with fibres from the chorda tympani (facial nerve VII)
- Posterior third of the tongue: supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve IX and vagus nerve X
- Parasympathetic fibers for oral glands (not major salivary glands): branches of facial nerve VII and trigeminal nerve V.
- Sympathetic innervation: comes from the spinal cord level T1, and eventually distributed with branches of trigeminal nerve V or blood vessels.
Types of Oral Mucosa
- Lining epithelium: internal surfaces of lips, cheeks, soft palate, and floor of the mouth
- Stratified squamous non-keratinized
- Masticatory epithelium: gums and hard palate; stratified squamous keratinized (or parakeratinized)
Cheeks
- Composed of stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium and the buccinator muscle
- Arterial blood supply is primarily from the buccal branch of the maxillary artery
- Innervated by cutaneous branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve and buccal branch of the mandibular division.
Floor of Oral Cavity
- Major structures include the paired mylohyoid muscles
- Defining the inferior limit of the cavity.
- Also comprises the geniohyoid muscles.
Tongue
- Attached to the floor of the mouth by the lingual frenulum,
- With sublingual carunculae for secretion
- Blood supply: branches of the lingual artery, a branch of the external carotid artery
- Veins: drain into the facial vein and later into the internal jugular vein.
- Lymphatic drainage: submandibular and submental nodes that later drain into the superior deep cervical nodes and inferior deep cervical nodes
Hard And Soft Palate
- Hard palate: comprised of maxillae and palatine bones
- Soft palate: a mobile fold with five muscles
- Tensor veli palatini
- Levator veli palatini
- Palatopharyngeus
- Palatoglossus
- Musculus uvulae
Salivary Glands
- Parotid gland: pure serous; largest
- Submandibular gland: mixed but mainly serous
- Sublingual gland: mixed but mainly mucous
- Parotid gland:
- Location: anterior to and below the lower part of the ear
- Relation to surrounding structures: superficial and deep to the ramus of the mandible, extending to the lower border of the mandible. Posteriorly to the sternocleidomastoid.
- Anatomical ducts: Facial nerve VII (which exits through the stylomastoid foramen), with further division of five main branches
- Blood Supply: external carotid artery(Posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, temporal superficial)
- Submandibular gland
- Location: submandibular triangle (inferior margin of mandible, anterior belly of digastric muscle, and posterior belly of digastric muscle)
- Anatomical ducts: Wharton duct
- Relations: located inferior to the digastric muscles (divided into superficial and deep lobes, separated by the mylohyoid muscle)
- Sublingual gland
- Location: sublingual fold, under the tongue, medial to the submandibular duct.
- Anatomical ducts:
- Relation to surrounding structures: sublingual duct of Bartholin
Lymphatic Drainage Of The Salivary Glands
- The parotid gland drains into preauricular nodes, then to deep cervical chain.
- Submandibular and sublingual glands drain into submandibular nodes and further into the deep cervical chain.
Innervation of Salivary Glands
- Intrinsic and parasympathetic are major components.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the tongue with this quiz. Questions cover aspects such as muscle attachments, sensory innervation, and different types of papillae. Ideal for students studying human anatomy and physiology.
