Anatomy of the Rectum and Anal Canal
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Questions and Answers

What is the pelvic referred pain line related to?

  • Visceral sensory innervation (correct)
  • Sympathetic innervation
  • Somatic innervation
  • Autonomic innervation
  • How can the pelvic organs experience referred pain?

  • Through autonomic innervation
  • Via somatic innervation
  • By receiving input from peripheral nerves
  • Due to shared pathways with other structures (correct)
  • Which anatomical component surrounds the pelvis at least partially?

  • Pelvic skeleton
  • Perineum
  • Pelvic girdle (correct)
  • Pelvic cavity
  • What is the pelvic girdle composed of?

    <p>Muscles, ligaments, and bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body is the pelvis inferior to?

    <p>Abdomen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of lectures and labs on pelvis and perineum in terms of anatomy presentation?

    <p>To provide a foundation for gender-affirming care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are 'male' and 'female' anatomy defined in the context of the lectures?

    <p>'Male' refers to XY genotypes, 'female' refers to XX genotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Gender-affirming changes done intraoperatively' are related to which surgical procedure?

    <p>Gender reassignment surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'PELVIS Obturator internus m.' suggests the mention of which anatomical structure?

    <p>'Obturator internus' muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>Assisting in fecal continence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>Sympathetic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does distension of the rectal ampulla have on the internal anal sphincter tone?

    <p>Relaxes the tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament holds the ovaries in place?

    <p>Suspensory ligament of ovary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do most ectopic pregnancies usually occur within the uterine tube?

    <p>Ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Pudendal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical term for the ligament that connects the ovary to the pelvic wall?

    <p>Suspensory ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type makes up the external anal sphincter?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typically opens into the peritoneal cavity?

    <p>Infundibulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the rectum?

    <p>12 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the rectum begin?

    <p>At the rectosigmoid junction (S3 vertebral level)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the puborectalis muscle?

    <p>To contract and increase the anorectal flexure at rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in nerve supply between the upper and lower parts of the anal canal?

    <p>The upper part has visceral afferents and the lower part has somatic afferents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the external anal sphincter?

    <p>To be composed of skeletal muscle and maintain voluntary control of the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the internal anal sphincter?

    <p>To be composed of smooth muscle and maintain involuntary control of the anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pectinate (dentate) line in the anal canal?

    <p>To divide the upper and lower parts of the anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the anal columns in the anal canal?

    <p>To be ridges in the upper anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in blood supply between the upper and lower parts of the anal canal?

    <p>The text does not provide any information about the blood supply of the anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the internal anal sphincter at rest?

    <p>Prevents outflow of blood from sub-mucosal hemorrhoidal plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the mucosa over the anal cushions during defecation?

    <p>Unsticks and helps open the anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of external hemorrhoids?

    <p>Pain due to somatic afferents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical color of rectal bleeding in individuals with internal hemorrhoids?

    <p>Bright red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of rectal varices in patients with cirrhosis?

    <p>Reversal of blood flow between middle &amp; superior rectal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hemorrhoids are characterized by visceral rather than somatic afferents?

    <p>Internal hemorrhoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates pathological internal hemorrhoids from normal submucosal varicosities?

    <p>Enlarged varicosities with symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes perianal itching and irritation in individuals with internal hemorrhoids?

    <p>'Deposition of irritants on perianal skin'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for the transport of sperm from the epididymis?

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which location is the posterior vaginal fornix found?

    <p>Superior end of the vagina, surrounding the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cardinal ligament?

    <p>Provides passive support for the uterus and vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the primary location of prostate cancer?

    <p>Posterior lobe, near the rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the transport of sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct?

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the uterosacral ligament?

    <p>Provides passive support for the uterus and vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily responsible for the production of seminal fluid?

    <p>Seminal vesicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament attaches the uterus to the labium majus?

    <p>Round ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying blood to the prostate gland?

    <p>Internal iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

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