Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the rectum?
Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the rectum?
- It is innervated by the superior rectal artery and vein, and the autonomic nerves.
- It is primarily supplied by branches passing laterally from vessels and nerves associated with the pelvic walls.
- It is structurally similar to the anal canal above the pectinate line.
- It is the terminal part of the sigmoid colon and is mainly located in the pelvic cavity. (correct)
Which of the differences between internal and external anal sphincters is false?
Which of the differences between internal and external anal sphincters is false?
- The external anal sphincter is supplied by the inferior rectal artery, while the internal anal sphincter is supplied by the superior rectal artery.
- The internal anal sphincter is located above the pectinate line, while the external anal sphincter is located below the pectinate line.
- The internal anal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is innervated by autonomic nerves, while the external anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle and is innervated by the inferior rectal nerve.
- Both sphincters are composed of smooth muscle and are innervated by autonomic nerves. (correct)
What are the differences between internal and external hemorrhoids?
What are the differences between internal and external hemorrhoids?
- Internal hemorrhoids are located outside the anal canal, while external hemorrhoids are located inside the anal canal.
- Internal hemorrhoids originate above the pectinate line and are painless, while external hemorrhoids originate below the pectinate line and may be painful. (correct)
- Both internal and external hemorrhoids originate above the pectinate line and are typically painless.
- External hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhoids are characterized by rectal bleeding
Where are the ureters located and what are their relationships?
Where are the ureters located and what are their relationships?
What is the shape of the base of the bladder?
What is the shape of the base of the bladder?
What is the remnant of the embryological urachus that contributes to the formation of the bladder?
What is the remnant of the embryological urachus that contributes to the formation of the bladder?
In women, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?
In women, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?
In men, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?
In men, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?
Where does the urethra end in both men and women?
Where does the urethra end in both men and women?
How long is the urethra in women?
How long is the urethra in women?
How long is the urethra in men?
How long is the urethra in men?
What prevents retrograde movement of semen into the bladder during ejaculation in men?
What prevents retrograde movement of semen into the bladder during ejaculation in men?
Where is the prostatic part of the male urethra surrounded by the prostate?
Where is the prostatic part of the male urethra surrounded by the prostate?
What type of tissue surrounds the spongy urethra in men?
What type of tissue surrounds the spongy urethra in men?
What are the two small para-urethral mucous glands associated with the lower end of the urethra in women called?
What are the two small para-urethral mucous glands associated with the lower end of the urethra in women called?
Where does the urethral opening lie in relation to the vaginal opening in women?
Where does the urethral opening lie in relation to the vaginal opening in women?
Which structure is the rectum continuous with above and below?
Which structure is the rectum continuous with above and below?
What is the shape of the empty bladder?
What is the shape of the empty bladder?
Which part of the large intestine lacks distinct taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices, and sacculations?
Which part of the large intestine lacks distinct taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices, and sacculations?
Where do internal hemorrhoids occur?
Where do internal hemorrhoids occur?
What allows for the expansion of the anal canal?
What allows for the expansion of the anal canal?
Which part of the anal canal is derived from ectoderm?
Which part of the anal canal is derived from ectoderm?
Which veins are part of the blood supply of the anal canal?
Which veins are part of the blood supply of the anal canal?
Where do external hemorrhoids occur?
Where do external hemorrhoids occur?
Which nerves innervate the anal canal?
Which nerves innervate the anal canal?
Which part of the anal canal is derived from hindgut?
Which part of the anal canal is derived from hindgut?
What is the shape of the bladder when it is full?
What is the shape of the bladder when it is full?
Where do the ureters join the base of the bladder?
Where do the ureters join the base of the bladder?
What pulls the anorectal junction forward?
What pulls the anorectal junction forward?
The curvatures of the rectum include the:
- Upper curvature to the right
2)Lower curvature to the right
- Middle curvature to the left
The curvatures of the rectum include the:
- Upper curvature to the right 2)Lower curvature to the right
- Middle curvature to the left
What does the lower part of the rectum expand to form?
What does the lower part of the rectum expand to form?
The superior two-thirds of the anal canal has anal columns (vertical folds created by tributaries to the superior rectal vein) that are joined together by anal valves (semilunar folds)
The superior two-thirds of the anal canal has anal columns (vertical folds created by tributaries to the superior rectal vein) that are joined together by anal valves (semilunar folds)
In men, the ureter is crossed by --- as it enters the pelvis
In men, the ureter is crossed by --- as it enters the pelvis
In women, the ureter is crossed by the --- as it enters the pelvis
In women, the ureter is crossed by the --- as it enters the pelvis
What is the most anterior element of the pelvic viscera?
What is the most anterior element of the pelvic viscera?
The mucosal lining at the base of the bladder is folded and loosely attached to the wall
The mucosal lining at the base of the bladder is folded and loosely attached to the wall
The trigone refers to the smooth triangular area on the inside of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra.
The trigone refers to the smooth triangular area on the inside of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra.
What is the most "fixed" part of the bladder?
What is the most "fixed" part of the bladder?
Match each aspect of the urethra in men to its corresponding characteristic.
Match each aspect of the urethra in men to its corresponding characteristic.
The two bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch are part of the female reproductive system and open into the bulb of the spongy urethra
The two bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch are part of the female reproductive system and open into the bulb of the spongy urethra
The external urethral orifice is the sagittal slit at the end of the penis
The external urethral orifice is the sagittal slit at the end of the penis
Study Notes
Anatomy of the Rectum, Anal Canal, and Bladder
- The rectum is continuous with the sigmoid colon above and the anal canal below, located immediately anterior to the sacrum and having three lateral curvatures.
- The lower part of the rectum forms the rectal ampulla and lacks distinct taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices, and sacculations.
- The anal canal is an inferior continuation of the rectum, surrounded by the ischioanal fossae, allowing for expansion, and contains the internal and external anal sphincters.
- The superior two-thirds of the anal canal is derived from hindgut, while the inferior third is derived from ectoderm, and it is innervated by both visceral and somatic nerves.
- The blood supply of the anal canal includes the superior rectal vein and artery, middle rectal artery and vein, and inferior rectal artery and vein.
- Internal hemorrhoids occur above the pectinate line and are painless, while external hemorrhoids occur below the pectinate line and are painful.
- The ureters enter the pelvic cavity from the abdomen, cross the pelvic inlet, and continue along the pelvic wall and floor to join the base of the bladder.
- The bladder, when empty, is shaped like a three-sided pyramid and expands into the abdominal cavity when full, with an apex, base, superior surface, and two inferolateral surfaces.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the rectum, anal canal, and bladder with this quiz. Explore the structure, blood supply, and innervation of these important pelvic organs, as well as common conditions like hemorrhoids.
