Pelvic Viscera
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the characteristics of the rectum?

  • It is innervated by the superior rectal artery and vein, and the autonomic nerves.
  • It is primarily supplied by branches passing laterally from vessels and nerves associated with the pelvic walls.
  • It is structurally similar to the anal canal above the pectinate line.
  • It is the terminal part of the sigmoid colon and is mainly located in the pelvic cavity. (correct)

    • Which of the differences between internal and external anal sphincters is false?

  • The external anal sphincter is supplied by the inferior rectal artery, while the internal anal sphincter is supplied by the superior rectal artery.
  • The internal anal sphincter is located above the pectinate line, while the external anal sphincter is located below the pectinate line.
  • The internal anal sphincter is composed of smooth muscle and is innervated by autonomic nerves, while the external anal sphincter is composed of skeletal muscle and is innervated by the inferior rectal nerve.
  • Both sphincters are composed of smooth muscle and are innervated by autonomic nerves. (correct)

    • What are the differences between internal and external hemorrhoids?

  • Internal hemorrhoids are located outside the anal canal, while external hemorrhoids are located inside the anal canal.
  • Internal hemorrhoids originate above the pectinate line and are painless, while external hemorrhoids originate below the pectinate line and may be painful. (correct)
  • Both internal and external hemorrhoids originate above the pectinate line and are typically painless.
  • External hemorrhoids and internal hemorrhoids are characterized by rectal bleeding

    • Where are the ureters located and what are their relationships?

    <p>The ureters are located in the pelvic cavity anterior to the bifurcation of the common iliac artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the base of the bladder?

    <p>Inverted triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the remnant of the embryological urachus that contributes to the formation of the bladder?

    <p>Median umbilical ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In women, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?

    <p>Pubovesical ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In men, what are the tough fibromuscular bands that connect the neck and pelvic part of the urethra to the pubic bone called?

    <p>Puboprostatic ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the urethra end in both men and women?

    <p>In the perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the urethra in women?

    <p>4 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long is the urethra in men?

    <p>20 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents retrograde movement of semen into the bladder during ejaculation in men?

    <p>Internal urethral sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the prostatic part of the male urethra surrounded by the prostate?

    <p>On each side of the prostatic utricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue surrounds the spongy urethra in men?

    <p>Erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two small para-urethral mucous glands associated with the lower end of the urethra in women called?

    <p>Skene's glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the urethral opening lie in relation to the vaginal opening in women?

    <p>Anterior to the vaginal opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is the rectum continuous with above and below?

    <p>Sigmoid colon and anal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the empty bladder?

    <p>Three-sided pyramid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the large intestine lacks distinct taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices, and sacculations?

    <p>Rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do internal hemorrhoids occur?

    <p>Above the pectinate line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for the expansion of the anal canal?

    <p>Ischioanal fossae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the anal canal is derived from ectoderm?

    <p>Inferior third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins are part of the blood supply of the anal canal?

    <p>Superior rectal vein, middle rectal vein, inferior rectal vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do external hemorrhoids occur?

    <p>Below the pectinate line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves innervate the anal canal?

    <p>Visceral and somatic nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the anal canal is derived from hindgut?

    <p>Superior two-thirds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the bladder when it is full?

    <p>Expands into the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the ureters join the base of the bladder?

    <p>Pelvic wall and floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pulls the anorectal junction forward?

    <p>Puborectalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The curvatures of the rectum include the:

    1. Upper curvature to the right 2)Lower curvature to the right
    2. Middle curvature to the left

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lower part of the rectum expand to form?

    <p>Rectal ampulla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior two-thirds of the anal canal has anal columns (vertical folds created by tributaries to the superior rectal vein) that are joined together by anal valves (semilunar folds)

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In men, the ureter is crossed by --- as it enters the pelvis

    Signup and view all the answers

    In women, the ureter is crossed by the --- as it enters the pelvis

    Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most anterior element of the pelvic viscera?

    <p>The bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mucosal lining at the base of the bladder is folded and loosely attached to the wall

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trigone refers to the smooth triangular area on the inside of the bladder between the openings of the ureters and the urethra.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most "fixed" part of the bladder?

    <p>Neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each aspect of the urethra in men to its corresponding characteristic.

    <p>Preprostatic = Associated with the circular cuff of smooth muscle fibers (internal urethral sphincter)(1 cm) Prostatic = The opening of the ejaculatory duct is located here. The connection between the urinary and reproductive tracts occurs here. Membranous = Narrow and passes through the deep perineal pouch. During its transit through the deep pouch, the urethra is surrounded by skeletal muscle of the external urethral sphincter. Spongy urethra = Surrounded by erectile tissue (corpus spongiosum)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The two bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch are part of the female reproductive system and open into the bulb of the spongy urethra

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The external urethral orifice is the sagittal slit at the end of the penis

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Rectum, Anal Canal, and Bladder

    • The rectum is continuous with the sigmoid colon above and the anal canal below, located immediately anterior to the sacrum and having three lateral curvatures.
    • The lower part of the rectum forms the rectal ampulla and lacks distinct taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices, and sacculations.
    • The anal canal is an inferior continuation of the rectum, surrounded by the ischioanal fossae, allowing for expansion, and contains the internal and external anal sphincters.
    • The superior two-thirds of the anal canal is derived from hindgut, while the inferior third is derived from ectoderm, and it is innervated by both visceral and somatic nerves.
    • The blood supply of the anal canal includes the superior rectal vein and artery, middle rectal artery and vein, and inferior rectal artery and vein.
    • Internal hemorrhoids occur above the pectinate line and are painless, while external hemorrhoids occur below the pectinate line and are painful.
    • The ureters enter the pelvic cavity from the abdomen, cross the pelvic inlet, and continue along the pelvic wall and floor to join the base of the bladder.
    • The bladder, when empty, is shaped like a three-sided pyramid and expands into the abdominal cavity when full, with an apex, base, superior surface, and two inferolateral surfaces.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the rectum, anal canal, and bladder with this quiz. Explore the structure, blood supply, and innervation of these important pelvic organs, as well as common conditions like hemorrhoids.

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