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Anatomy of the Pharynx Quiz
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Anatomy of the Pharynx Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the extent of the pharynx?

  • From the base of the skull to the 12th thoracic vertebra
  • From the base of the skull down to the 6th cervical vertebra (correct)
  • From the base of the skull down to the sacrum
  • From the base of the skull down to the 6th thoracic vertebra

    • Which part of the pharynx communicates with nasal cavities through the choanae?

  • Oropharynx
  • Laryngeopharynx
  • Hypopharynx
  • Nasopharynx (correct)

    • What type of epithelium lines the oropharynx and laryngeopharynx?

  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
  • Ciliated columnar epithelium

    • What is the widest part of the pharynx?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the external aspect of the pharynx?

    <p>Buccopharyngeal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many parts is the pharynx divided into?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the level of the ___________.

    <p>soft palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the nasopharynx with the nasal cavities?

    <p>Pharyngeal isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the salpingopharyngeus muscle in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Continuing tubal elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps to keep the nasopharynx permanently opened for free breathing?

    <p>Pharyngeobasilar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx extends from the level of the soft palate down to the level of the upper of the epiglottis?

    <p>Oropharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What connects the oropharynx with the mouth cavity?

    <p>Oropharyngeal isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the valleculae located in the oropharynx?

    <p>Between glosso-epiglottic folds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the nerve supply of the palatine tonsil?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal N.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component surrounds the openings into the digestive and respiratory tracts?

    <p>Waldeyer's Ring of Lymphoid tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of laryngopharynx?

    <p>Connecting with larynx and esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the veins of the pharynx collect into?

    <p>Pterygoid venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the nasopharynx mainly?

    <p>Pharyngeal branch from the pterygo-palatine ganglion (maxillary nerve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional nerve supply for the cricopharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor?

    <p>Recurrent and external laryngeal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the lymph drainage from the pharynx go after retropharyngeal lymph nodes?

    <p>Deep cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does not form the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle elevates the larynx and pharynx upwards in the second stage of swallowing?

    <p>Pharyngotympanic tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle arises from the inferior border of the pharyngeal end of the cartilage of the auditory tube?

    <p>Salpingopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure passes through a gap between the superior pharyngeal constrictor and the cranium?

    <p>Pharyngotympanic tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms a continuous sling around the lower end of the pharynx?

    <p>Cricopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the cricopharyngeus muscle during swallowing?

    <p>Prevents suction of air into the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure passes through a gap between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where does the middle constrictor arise?

    <p>Greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is covered by a thin layer of fascia called the buccopharyngeal fascia?

    <p>External surface of the constrictors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents suction of air into the esophagus during swallowing?

    <p>Cricopharyngeus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What passes through a gap between the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors?

    <p>Internal laryngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents herniation of pharyngeal mucous membrane through dehiscence of Killian during swallowing?

    <p>Cricophayrngeus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the pharyngeal wall from inside to outside?

    <p>Mucous membrane, fibrous layer, muscular coat, buccopharyngeal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pharynx communicates with the laryngeal cavity?

    <p>Laryngeopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?

    <p>Respiratory epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the oropharynx communicate with?

    <p>Oral cavity through the oropharyngeal isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the extent of the pharynx?

    <p>Extends from the base of the skull down to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve mainly supplies the nasopharynx?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the dorsal lingual branches from the lingual artery?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the veins of the pharynx collect before draining into the pharyngeal venous plexus?

    <p>Pterygoid venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve mainly forms the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the additional nerve supply for the cricopharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor?

    <p>Recurrent and external laryngeal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve mainly provides sensory supply to the nasopharynx?

    <p>Maxillary nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT supplied by the vagus nerve through the pharyngeal plexus?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for supplying the greater palatine and pharyngeal arteries of the maxillary artery?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the lymph drainage from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes go next?

    <p>Deep cervical lymph nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents suction of air into the esophagus during swallowing?

    <p>The cricopharyngeus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve mainly supplies the nasopharynx?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What covers the external aspect of the pharynx?

    <p>Buccopharyngeal fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of laryngopharynx?

    <p>To conduct food to the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the nerve supply of the palatine tonsil?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the tonsillar hemi capsule at oropharynx?

    <p>Pterygomandibular raphe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle elevates the larynx and pharynx upwards in the second stage of swallowing?

    <p>Stylopharyngeus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the nasopharynx with the nasal cavities?

    <p>Pharyngotympanic tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nasopharynx communicate with laterally?

    <p>Tympanic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for keeping the nasopharynx permanently opened for free breathing?

    <p>Pharyngeobasilar fascia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus muscle in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Opening the auditory tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the adenoid face located?

    <p>Lateral walls of the nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure is usually enlarged in children and obstructs the nasopharynx, causing difficult nasal breathing?

    <p>Pharyngeal tonsil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle overlies the torus levatorius in the nasopharynx?

    <p>Levator veli palatini muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the valleculae located in the oropharynx?

    <p>Between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is related to the median glosso-epiglottic fold and lateral glosso-epiglottic folds in the oropharynx?

    <p>Valleculae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery mainly supplies the palatine tonsil?

    <p>Facial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common site of foreign body location in the laryngopharynx?

    <p>Piriform fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the 7th cervical vertebra.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The oropharynx is lined with respiratory epithelium.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx communicates with the laryngeal cavity through the inlet of the larynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fibrous layer of the pharyngeal wall is called the pharyngeal basilar fascia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngeopharynx is the widest part of the pharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The buccopharyngeal fascia covers the internal aspect of the pharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx communicates with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tubal elevation in the nasopharynx is produced by the cartilage of the auditory tube.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tonsillar hemicapsule is an extension from the pharyngeobasilar fascia and is related to the lateral surface of the palatine tonsil.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tonsil is mainly supplied by the descending palatine artery and dorsal lingual branch of the lingual artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The piriform fossa is bound laterally by the thyroid cartilage and thyrohyoid membrane.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Waldeyer's Ring of lymphoid tissue has no afferent lymph vessels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The laryngopharynx communicates with the esophagus inferiorly and with the larynx via the laryngeal inlet anteroinferiorly.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The piriform fossa is a common site of foreign body location and is bound laterally by the thyroid cartilage and epiglottis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharyngobasilar fascia attaches below to the petrous temporal bone and medial to the carotid canal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The median glosso-epiglottic fold connects the back of the tongue to the front of the epiglottis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tonsillar crypts are present on the lateral surface of the palatine tonsil, leading to deep recesses.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The tubal tonsil is a collection of lymphoid tissue around the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pterygomandibular raphe diminishes in thickness to form the tonsillar hemi capsule at the oropharynx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharyngeal raphe strengthens the posterior border of the medial pterygoid plate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The superior constrictor arises from the greater and lesser horns of the hyoid bone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The middle constrictor has two functional parts, thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The palatopharyngeus muscle descends in the salpingopharyngeal fold to join the stylopharyngeus muscle.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The buccopharyngeal fascia covers the internal surface of the pharyngeal constrictors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, the cricopharyngeus muscle acts as a sphincter at the upper end of the pharynx.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gaps between pharyngeal constrictor muscles leave four openings for structures to enter or leave the pharynx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The levator veli palatini passes through a gap between the middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All three longitudinal muscles insert into the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pharynx widens and shortens to receive the food bolus during stage 1 of deglutition.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solid food is masticated and mixed with saliva to form a soft bolus that is easier to swallow during stage 1 of deglutition.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ascending pharyngeal artery is a branch of the external carotid artery.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The veins of the pharynx collect into the pharyngeal venous plexus internal to the superior constrictor.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The nasopharynx is mainly supplied by the pharyngeal branch from the pterygo-palatine ganglion, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The glossopharyngeal nerve mainly supplies the oropharynx and laryngopharynx.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The cricopharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor has additional nerve supply from the recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sensory nerve supply of the nasopharynx is mainly by the glossopharyngeal nerve through the pharyngeal plexus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All the constrictors and longitudinal muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve through the pharyngeal plexus.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ventral lingual branches are supplied by the lingual artery.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lymph drainage from the pharynx goes directly into the deep cervical lymph nodes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The motor nerve supply of all the constrictors and longitudinal muscles of the pharynx is provided by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharynx

    • The pharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the 7th cervical vertebra.
    • The pharynx is divided into three parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

    Nasopharynx

    • The nasopharynx extends from the base of the skull down to the level of the soft palate.
    • The nasopharynx communicates with the nasal cavities through the choanae.
    • The nasopharynx is lined with respiratory epithelium.
    • The nasopharynx is mainly supplied by the pharyngeal branch from the pterygo-palatine ganglion, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve.
    • The salpingopharyngeus muscle helps to keep the nasopharynx permanently opened for free breathing.
    • The tubal elevation in the nasopharynx is produced by the cartilage of the auditory tube.
    • The adenoid face is located in the nasopharynx.
    • The nasopharynx is usually enlarged in children and obstructs the nasopharynx, causing difficult nasal breathing.

    Oropharynx

    • The oropharynx extends from the level of the soft palate down to the level of the upper border of the epiglottis.
    • The oropharynx communicates with the mouth cavity through the oropharyngeal isthmus.
    • The oropharynx is lined with respiratory epithelium.
    • The valleculae are located in the oropharynx.
    • The glossopharyngeal nerve mainly supplies the oropharynx.

    Laryngopharynx

    • The laryngopharynx is the widest part of the pharynx.
    • The laryngopharynx communicates with the esophagus inferiorly and with the larynx via the laryngeal inlet anteroinferiorly.
    • The laryngopharynx is lined with respiratory epithelium.
    • The laryngopharynx is mainly supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

    Pharyngeal Constrictors

    • The pharyngeal constrictors are divided into three parts: superior, middle, and inferior constrictors.
    • The superior constrictor arises from the medial pterygoid plate and pterygoid hamulus.
    • The middle constrictor arises from the inferior border of the hyoid bone.
    • The inferior constrictor has two functional parts, thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus.
    • The cricopharyngeus muscle acts as a sphincter at the upper end of the pharynx during swallowing.
    • The buccopharyngeal fascia covers the internal surface of the pharyngeal constrictors.

    Nerve Supply

    • The pharynx is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and maxillary nerve.
    • The pharyngeal plexus is formed by the glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and maxillary nerve.
    • The recurrent and internal laryngeal nerves provide additional nerve supply to the cricopharyngeus part of the inferior constrictor.

    Blood Supply

    • The pharynx is supplied by the ascending pharyngeal artery, a branch of the external carotid artery.
    • The palatine tonsil is mainly supplied by the descending palatine artery and dorsal lingual branch of the lingual artery.

    Lymphatic Drainage

    • The lymph drainage from the pharynx goes to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes.
    • The lymph drainage from the retropharyngeal lymph nodes goes to the cervical lymph nodes.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the pharynx with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as the posterior border of the medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphe, and the muscular coat of the pharynx.

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