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Questions and Answers
Which region of the pelvis is generally considered part of the abdominal cavity?
Which region of the pelvis is generally considered part of the abdominal cavity?
- Pelvic outlet
- Greater pelvis (correct)
- Pelvic inlet
- Lesser pelvis
Which part of the pelvis is related to the inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, and coccyx?
Which part of the pelvis is related to the inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, and coccyx?
- Greater pelvis
- Lesser pelvis (correct)
- Pelvic inlet
- Pelvic outlet
Which part of the pelvis is associated with the upper parts of the pelvic bones and lower lumbar vertebrae?
Which part of the pelvis is associated with the upper parts of the pelvic bones and lower lumbar vertebrae?
- Pelvic inlet
- Pelvic outlet
- Greater pelvis (correct)
- Lesser pelvis
What structures form the pelvic diaphragm?
What structures form the pelvic diaphragm?
Which muscle forms a sling around the gastrointestinal tract maintaining perineal flexure?
Which muscle forms a sling around the gastrointestinal tract maintaining perineal flexure?
Where does the iliococcygeus muscle originate from?
Where does the iliococcygeus muscle originate from?
What is the function of the coccygeus muscles?
What is the function of the coccygeus muscles?
What is the perineal body's significance?
What is the perineal body's significance?
Which muscle originates from the pelvic wall, joins in the midline, and encircles the anal aperture?
Which muscle originates from the pelvic wall, joins in the midline, and encircles the anal aperture?
What structures does the deep perineal pouch enclose?
What structures does the deep perineal pouch enclose?
What forms a ligament from the anal aperture to the coccyx?
What forms a ligament from the anal aperture to the coccyx?
What is the perineal membrane's shape?
What is the perineal membrane's shape?
Which muscle supports the urogenital system?
Which muscle supports the urogenital system?
What is the function of the puborectalis muscle?
What is the function of the puborectalis muscle?
Where do the levator ani muscles attach to?
Where do the levator ani muscles attach to?
What stabilizes the sacrum and converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?
What stabilizes the sacrum and converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?
Which structure contains the obturator nerve, artery, and vein, which innervate the muscles of the medial thigh?
Which structure contains the obturator nerve, artery, and vein, which innervate the muscles of the medial thigh?
Which structure serves as a communication route between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region, containing various nerves and vessels, including the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve?
Which structure serves as a communication route between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region, containing various nerves and vessels, including the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve?
Which muscles contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
Which muscles contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?
What defines the pelvic outlet and includes the perineum?
What defines the pelvic outlet and includes the perineum?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the pelvic outlet?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the pelvic outlet?
What does NOT pass through the pelvic outlet
What does NOT pass through the pelvic outlet
The perineum is above the pelvic floor
The perineum is above the pelvic floor
Which is NOT a feature of the pelvic inlet?
Which is NOT a feature of the pelvic inlet?
Match each pelvic feature to its appropriate sex
Match each pelvic feature to its appropriate sex
The greater sciatic foramen lies superior to the sacrospinous ligament and the ischial spine
The greater sciatic foramen lies superior to the sacrospinous ligament and the ischial spine
The lesser sciatic foramen lies inferior to the ischial spine and sacrotuberous ligament
The lesser sciatic foramen lies inferior to the ischial spine and sacrotuberous ligament
What muscles (2) contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity? (They originate at the pelvic cavity but attach peripherally to the femur)
What muscles (2) contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity? (They originate at the pelvic cavity but attach peripherally to the femur)
Match each muscle to its corresponding feature
Match each muscle to its corresponding feature
Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Obturator internus muscle
Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Obturator internus muscle
Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Piriformis muscle
Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Piriformis muscle
List the apertures of the pelvic wall
List the apertures of the pelvic wall
What structures border the obturator canal?
What structures border the obturator canal?
Which structure passes through the greater sciatic foramen and divides into two parts (superior/inferior)
Which structure passes through the greater sciatic foramen and divides into two parts (superior/inferior)
What is found superior to piriformis
What is found superior to piriformis
List the contents of the inferior piriformis muscle
List the contents of the inferior piriformis muscle
What content of the lesser sciatic foramen does NOT pass between the pelvic cavity and perineum?
What content of the lesser sciatic foramen does NOT pass between the pelvic cavity and perineum?
The pelvic diaphragm is shaped like a
The pelvic diaphragm is shaped like a
What does the pelvic floor separate?
What does the pelvic floor separate?
The pelvic floor is formed by the pelvic diaphragm and in the anterior midline it is formed by the perineal membrane and muscles in the deep perineal pouch.
The pelvic floor is formed by the pelvic diaphragm and in the anterior midline it is formed by the perineal membrane and muscles in the deep perineal pouch.
What separates the levator ani muscles anteriorly?
What separates the levator ani muscles anteriorly?
Which pouch's associated viscera and muscles do the margins of the urogenital hiatus merge with?
Which pouch's associated viscera and muscles do the margins of the urogenital hiatus merge with?
The urogenital hiatus does not allow this to pass through the pelvic diaphragm
The urogenital hiatus does not allow this to pass through the pelvic diaphragm
What is not a muscle fiber that makes up the levator ani muscles?
What is not a muscle fiber that makes up the levator ani muscles?
Match each muscle fiber/muscle to its characteristic
Match each muscle fiber/muscle to its characteristic
Coccygeus muscles are innervated by
Coccygeus muscles are innervated by
The coccygeus muscles (2 on each side) are attached by the apices, to the lateral margins of the coccyx and adjacent margins of the sacrum. At their bases, they are attached to the tips of the ischial spine
The coccygeus muscles (2 on each side) are attached by the apices, to the lateral margins of the coccyx and adjacent margins of the sacrum. At their bases, they are attached to the tips of the ischial spine
Which structure has a gap between it and the inferior pubic ligament?
Which structure has a gap between it and the inferior pubic ligament?
The deep perineal pouch provides attachment for the roots of external genitalia and the muscles associated with them
The deep perineal pouch provides attachment for the roots of external genitalia and the muscles associated with them
The urethra penetrates vertically through a triangular hiatus in the perineal membrane as it passes from the pelvic cavity above the perineum
The urethra penetrates vertically through a triangular hiatus in the perineal membrane as it passes from the pelvic cavity above the perineum
What functions as a sphincter, mainly for the urethra, and as a stabilizer of the posterior edge of the perineal membrane within a sheet of skeletal muscle?
What functions as a sphincter, mainly for the urethra, and as a stabilizer of the posterior edge of the perineal membrane within a sheet of skeletal muscle?
The deep transverse perineal muscles that attach to the perineal body are the following:
- External anal sphincter
2)Superficial transverse perineal muscles
- Bulbospongiosus (erectile tissue)
- Muscles of the perineum
The deep transverse perineal muscles that attach to the perineal body are the following:
- External anal sphincter 2)Superficial transverse perineal muscles
- Bulbospongiosus (erectile tissue)
- Muscles of the perineum
Which clinical procedure, performed during childbirth, involves the tearing, stretching or incision of the perineal body?
Which clinical procedure, performed during childbirth, involves the tearing, stretching or incision of the perineal body?
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Study Notes
Anatomy of the Pelvic Cavity and Pelvic Wall Structures
- The pelvic cavity is bowl-shaped and contains elements of the urinary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems.
- The pelvic inlet is somewhat heart-shaped and bounded by the body of the vertebra SI, alae, and the pelvic bone.
- The pelvic outlet is diamond-shaped and defined by the pubic symphysis, pubic arch, and sacrotuberous ligament, and it includes the perineum.
- The female pelvis has a circular pelvic inlet, a larger pubic arch angle, and less projecting ischial spines compared to the male pelvis.
- The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments stabilize the sacrum and convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina.
- The obturator internus and piriformis muscles contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity.
- Vessels and nerves pass through apertures in the pelvic wall, including the obturator canal, greater sciatic foramen, and lesser sciatic foramen.
- The obturator canal contains the obturator nerve, artery, and vein, which innervate the muscles of the medial thigh.
- The greater sciatic foramen serves as a communication route between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region, containing various nerves and vessels, including the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve.
- Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen include the piriformis muscle, superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels, and the internal pudendal vessels.
- The lesser sciatic foramen is formed by the pelvic bone, ischial spine, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament.
- Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen include the pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, and the nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris muscles.
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