Pelvic Cavity
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Questions and Answers

Which region of the pelvis is generally considered part of the abdominal cavity?

  • Pelvic outlet
  • Greater pelvis (correct)
  • Pelvic inlet
  • Lesser pelvis

    • Which part of the pelvis is related to the inferior parts of the pelvic bones, sacrum, and coccyx?

  • Greater pelvis
  • Lesser pelvis (correct)
  • Pelvic inlet
  • Pelvic outlet

    • Which part of the pelvis is associated with the upper parts of the pelvic bones and lower lumbar vertebrae?

  • Pelvic inlet
  • Pelvic outlet
  • Greater pelvis (correct)
  • Lesser pelvis

    • What structures form the pelvic diaphragm?

    <p>Levator ani muscle and coccygeus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms a sling around the gastrointestinal tract maintaining perineal flexure?

    <p>Puborectalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the iliococcygeus muscle originate from?

    <p>Fascia covering obturator internus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coccygeus muscles?

    <p>Support the posterior pelvic floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perineal body's significance?

    <p>Attachment point for pelvic floor muscles, perineum, perineal membrane (posterior border), urogenital hiatus (posterior end) and levator ani muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle originates from the pelvic wall, joins in the midline, and encircles the anal aperture?

    <p>Levator ani muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures does the deep perineal pouch enclose?

    <p>Structures in the perineal membrane and supports urogenital system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms a ligament from the anal aperture to the coccyx?

    <p>Iliococcygeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the perineal membrane's shape?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle supports the urogenital system?

    <p>Levator ani muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the puborectalis muscle?

    <p>Forms a sling around the gastrointestinal tract maintaining perineal flexure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the levator ani muscles attach to?

    <p>Coccyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stabilizes the sacrum and converts the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina?

    <p>Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure contains the obturator nerve, artery, and vein, which innervate the muscles of the medial thigh?

    <p>Obturator canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure serves as a communication route between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region, containing various nerves and vessels, including the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve?

    <p>Greater sciatic foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Obturator internus and piriformis muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the pelvic outlet and includes the perineum?

    <p>Pubic symphysis, pubic arch, and sacrotuberous ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a feature of the pelvic outlet?

    <p>Posteriorly/ medially bounded by the sacrospinous ligament on both sides of the coccyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does NOT pass through the pelvic outlet

    <p>Terminal portion of the epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The perineum is above the pelvic floor

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a feature of the pelvic inlet?

    <p>The iliac crest contributes to the margin of the pelvic inlet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each pelvic feature to its appropriate sex

    <p>Female = Circular pelvic inlet Male = Smaller angle formed by the two arms of the pubic arch (50º-60º) Female = Less distinct promontory and broader alae Male = Ischial spines project more medially into the pelvic cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The greater sciatic foramen lies superior to the sacrospinous ligament and the ischial spine

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The lesser sciatic foramen lies inferior to the ischial spine and sacrotuberous ligament

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscles (2) contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity? (They originate at the pelvic cavity but attach peripherally to the femur)

    <p>Obturator internus and piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle to its corresponding feature

    <p>Obturator internus = flat, fan-shaped muscle that originates from the deep surface of the obturator membrane Piriformis = Triangular and originates in the bridges of bone between the four anterior sacral foramina Obturator internus = Forms a large part of the anterolateral wall of the pelvic cavity Piriformis = Passes laterally through the greater sciatic foramen, crosses the posterosuperior aspect of the hip joint to insert into the greater trochanter of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Obturator internus muscle

    <p>Origin = Abdominal wall of true pelvis(deep surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding bone) Insertion = Medial surface of greater trochanter of the femur Innervation = Nerve to obturator internus L5, S1 Action = Lateral rotation of the extended hip joint, abduction of flexed hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determine whether each description refers to an origin, insertion, innervation or function of the Piriformis muscle

    <p>Origin = Anterior surface of sacrum between anterior and sacral foramina Insertion = Medial side of superior border of greater trochanter of femur Innervation = Branches from S1 and S2 Function = Lateral rotation of the extended hip joint. Abduction of the flexed hip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the apertures of the pelvic wall

    <p>Obturator canal, greater sciatic foramen, lesser sciatic foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures border the obturator canal?

    <p>Obturator membrane, obturator internus muscle, superior pubic ramus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure passes through the greater sciatic foramen and divides into two parts (superior/inferior)

    <p>Piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found superior to piriformis

    <p>Superior gluteal nerves and vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the contents of the inferior piriformis muscle

    <p>Inferior gluteal nerves and arteries, sciatic nerve, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, posterior femoral cutaneous nerves, nerves to the obturator internus, quadratus femoris muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What content of the lesser sciatic foramen does NOT pass between the pelvic cavity and perineum?

    <p>Obturator internus muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pelvic diaphragm is shaped like a

    Signup and view all the answers

    What does the pelvic floor separate?

    <p>The pelvic cavity and the perineum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pelvic floor is formed by the pelvic diaphragm and in the anterior midline it is formed by the perineal membrane and muscles in the deep perineal pouch.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the levator ani muscles anteriorly?

    <p>urogenital hiatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pouch's associated viscera and muscles do the margins of the urogenital hiatus merge with?

    <p>Deep perineal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urogenital hiatus does not allow this to pass through the pelvic diaphragm

    <p>Testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a muscle fiber that makes up the levator ani muscles?

    <p>Coccygeus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each muscle fiber/muscle to its characteristic

    <p>Pubococcygeus = Originates from the body of the pubis and courses posteriorly to attach along the midline as far back as the coccyx Puborectalis = From the pubis and passes inferiorly on each side to form a sling around the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract Iliococcygeus = Joins both sides of levator ani in the midline to form a ligament or raphe that extends from the anal aperture to the coccyx Coccygeus = Completes the posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coccygeus muscles are innervated by

    Signup and view all the answers

    The coccygeus muscles (2 on each side) are attached by the apices, to the lateral margins of the coccyx and adjacent margins of the sacrum. At their bases, they are attached to the tips of the ischial spine

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure has a gap between it and the inferior pubic ligament?

    <p>Perineal membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep perineal pouch provides attachment for the roots of external genitalia and the muscles associated with them

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The urethra penetrates vertically through a triangular hiatus in the perineal membrane as it passes from the pelvic cavity above the perineum

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functions as a sphincter, mainly for the urethra, and as a stabilizer of the posterior edge of the perineal membrane within a sheet of skeletal muscle?

    <p>Deep perineal pouch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep transverse perineal muscles that attach to the perineal body are the following:

    1. External anal sphincter 2)Superficial transverse perineal muscles
    2. Bulbospongiosus (erectile tissue)
    3. Muscles of the perineum

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical procedure, performed during childbirth, involves the tearing, stretching or incision of the perineal body?

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Pelvic Cavity and Pelvic Wall Structures

    • The pelvic cavity is bowl-shaped and contains elements of the urinary, gastrointestinal, and reproductive systems.
    • The pelvic inlet is somewhat heart-shaped and bounded by the body of the vertebra SI, alae, and the pelvic bone.
    • The pelvic outlet is diamond-shaped and defined by the pubic symphysis, pubic arch, and sacrotuberous ligament, and it includes the perineum.
    • The female pelvis has a circular pelvic inlet, a larger pubic arch angle, and less projecting ischial spines compared to the male pelvis.
    • The sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments stabilize the sacrum and convert the greater and lesser sciatic notches into foramina.
    • The obturator internus and piriformis muscles contribute to the lateral walls of the pelvic cavity.
    • Vessels and nerves pass through apertures in the pelvic wall, including the obturator canal, greater sciatic foramen, and lesser sciatic foramen.
    • The obturator canal contains the obturator nerve, artery, and vein, which innervate the muscles of the medial thigh.
    • The greater sciatic foramen serves as a communication route between the pelvic cavity and the gluteal region, containing various nerves and vessels, including the sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve.
    • Structures passing through the greater sciatic foramen include the piriformis muscle, superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels, and the internal pudendal vessels.
    • The lesser sciatic foramen is formed by the pelvic bone, ischial spine, sacrospinous ligament, and sacrotuberous ligament.
    • Structures passing through the lesser sciatic foramen include the pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels, and the nerves to the obturator internus and quadratus femoris muscles.

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    Pelvic Cavity Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the pelvic cavity and pelvic wall structures with this informative quiz. Explore the boundaries, shapes, and important structures within the pelvic inlet and outlet, as well as the differences between the male and female pelvis. Delve into the muscles and ligaments that contribute to the stability of the sacrum and the passage of vessels and nerves through key apertures in the pelvic wall.

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