L18. GA - Anatomy of the Pelvic Cavity
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Questions and Answers

Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the gluteus maximus?

  • Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • Inferior Gluteal Nerve (correct)
  • Sciatic Nerve
  • Pudendal Nerve
  • What is the primary function of the Pudendal Nerve?

  • Motor to iliopsoas muscle
  • Parasympathetic supply to pelvic organs
  • Sensory to anterior thigh
  • Motor to external sphincters (correct)
  • Which structure do the sympathetic sacral splanchnic nerves primarily enter?

  • Superior hypogastric plexus
  • Coccygeal plexus
  • Inferior hypogastric plexus (correct)
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerve
  • Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the Sacral Plexus?

    <p>Femoral Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal nerves contribute to the formation of the Pelvic Splanchnics?

    <p>S2-4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Superior Hypogastric Plexus?

    <p>Distributes to pelvic viscera and external genitalia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the tensor fascia lata?

    <p>Superior Gluteal Nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nerves carries parasympathetic fibers to the pelvic viscera?

    <p>Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which minor branch of the Sacral Plexus innervates the piriformis muscle?

    <p>Nerve to Piriformis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the anterior wall of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>The pubic bone and pubic symphysis are central components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries originates from the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

    <p>Superior gluteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the sacral plexus in the pelvic cavity?

    <p>To participate in autonomic regulation of pelvic organs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is not part of the lateral wall of the pelvic cavity?

    <p>Coccyx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the pelvic fascia?

    <p>It has distinct parietal and visceral specializations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes male from female arteries arising from the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery?

    <p>The presence of the uterine artery in females.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments play in the pelvic cavity?

    <p>They support the posterior pelvic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tendinous arch of the levator ani?

    <p>Attachment point for the pelvic diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about visceral fascia is correct?

    <p>It supports pelvic organs through fascial ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature separates the rectum from the pelvic diaphragm?

    <p>Anorectal junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding the rectum's anatomical relationships?

    <p>It is covered by peritoneum to form pararectal fossae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pouches are formed by the peritoneum in females?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the course of the uterine artery in relation to the ureter?

    <p>Courses lateral to the ureter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plexuses in the pelvic cavity are mentioned as interconnected?

    <p>Rectal, prostatic, uterine, vaginal, and vesical plexuses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of the pelvic plexuses?

    <p>They have no valves, allowing bidirectional blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the rectal venous drainage connect to the portal system?

    <p>Through anastomoses with the superior rectal vein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the lymphatic drainage of the pelvis?

    <p>Lower structures such as the scrotum drain into inguinal nodes before aortic nodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the sacral plexus?

    <p>L4, L5, and anterior rami of S1-S4.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is specifically noted to not be a part of the sacral plexus?

    <p>Obturator nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the coccygeal plexus?

    <p>To form the sensory anococcygeal nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is primarily supplied by the vaginal artery?

    <p>Rectum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery predominantly supplies the gluteal muscles and skin?

    <p>Superior gluteal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the inferior vesical artery?

    <p>Supply the seminal vesicle and prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the rectum and upper anal canal?

    <p>Superior rectal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The obturator artery primarily supplies which part of the body?

    <p>Medial thigh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is considered a vestigial remnant and carried blood from the fetus to the placenta?

    <p>Umbilical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The median sacral artery anastomoses with which of the following arteries?

    <p>Lateral sacral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the internal pudendal artery exit the pelvis?

    <p>Through the lesser sciatic foramen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery usually arises from the umbilical artery?

    <p>Superior vesical artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure does the superior rectal artery mainly supply?

    <p>Upper rectum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pelvic Cavity Gross Anatomy Learning Objectives

    • Students should be able to accurately describe the walls, arteries, veins, lymphatics, nerves, pelvic fascial specializations, pelvic structures' relationship to the peritoneum, anatomy of the rectum and anal canal, including arteries, veins, lymphatics, innervation, and clinical considerations.

    Pelvic Cavity Session Outline

    • Walls of the Pelvic Cavity: Covers the anterior (pubic bone, symphysis, levator ani), lateral (ilium, ischium, obturator internus), and posterior (sacrum, coccyx) walls. Specific muscles and ligaments are detailed.

    • Arteries of the Pelvic Cavity: Categorized by their origin from the internal iliac artery's posterior and anterior trunks, with distinct variations between male and female anatomy. Key arteries mentioned include iliolumbar, lateral sacral, superior gluteal, and internal pudendal.

    • Veins of the Pelvic Cavity: Detailed description of interconnected venous plexuses present in pelvic organs (rectal, prostatic, uterine, vaginal, vesical). Their connection to vertebral venous plexuses and pathways back to the inferior vena cava will likely figure prominently.

    • Lymphatics of the Pelvic Cavity: The lymphatic drainage pathways and nodes (aortic, internal iliac, inguinal) are described in relation to the pelvic organs.

    • Nerves of the Pelvic Cavity: Includes the sacral plexus & coccygeal plexus and specific nerves such as the obturator nerve and sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves & their distribution.

    • Pelvic Fascia: Includes parietal and visceral fascial specializations and their relation to pelvic organs. Structures mentioned include the pelvic diaphragm's tendinous arch and pudendal canal.

    • Pelvic Structures and Peritoneum: The relationship of pelvic organs to the peritoneum and related pouches (e.g., female rectouterine pouch, male rectovesical pouch).

    • Rectum and Anal Canal: Their anatomy (arteries, veins, lymphatics, innervation) and clinical considerations (e.g., internal/external hemorrhoids). Specific details about the pectinate line will likely be important.

    Supplemental Reading

    • Gray's Anatomy for Students, 4th Edition (2020) by Drake, Vogl, and Mitchell, Chapter 5. This resource is essential for further study of the topics. Diagrams (figures referenced in the outline) should also be studied closely.

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