Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the largest of the digestive glands?
What is the largest of the digestive glands?
Pancreas
What is the approximate size of the pancreas?
What is the approximate size of the pancreas?
12-15cm
The pancreas is located in the peritoneal cavity.
The pancreas is located in the peritoneal cavity.
False (B)
Describe the surface texture of the pancreas?
Describe the surface texture of the pancreas?
Where does the pancreas extend across?
Where does the pancreas extend across?
What is the location of the pancreas in relation to the epigastric region?
What is the location of the pancreas in relation to the epigastric region?
What anatomical structures surround the pancreas?
What anatomical structures surround the pancreas?
The pancreas is located behind the stomach.
The pancreas is located behind the stomach.
What are the two main functions of the pancreas?
What are the two main functions of the pancreas?
What are the parts of the pancreas?
What are the parts of the pancreas?
What is the location of the head of the pancreas?
What is the location of the head of the pancreas?
The upper border of the head of the pancreas is overlapped by the inferior part of the duodenum.
The upper border of the head of the pancreas is overlapped by the inferior part of the duodenum.
The uncinate process is a downward projection.
The uncinate process is a downward projection.
Describe the relationship between the uncinate process and the mesenteric vessels.
Describe the relationship between the uncinate process and the mesenteric vessels.
What structures are anterior to the head of the pancreas?
What structures are anterior to the head of the pancreas?
The posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas is located anterior to the right crus of diafragma.
The posterior aspect of the head of the pancreas is located anterior to the right crus of diafragma.
What structures lie behind the head of the pancreas?
What structures lie behind the head of the pancreas?
What is the size of the neck of the pancreas?
What is the size of the neck of the pancreas?
Describe the relationship between the neck of the pancreas and the head and body?
Describe the relationship between the neck of the pancreas and the head and body?
What structures are posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
What structures are posterior to the neck of the pancreas?
The body of the pancreas is separated from the stomach by the lesser omental bursa.
The body of the pancreas is separated from the stomach by the lesser omental bursa.
The body of the pancreas has a circular cross-section.
The body of the pancreas has a circular cross-section.
What are the surfaces of the body of the pancreas?
What are the surfaces of the body of the pancreas?
What are the borders of the body of the pancreas?
What are the borders of the body of the pancreas?
What is the relationship between the anterosuperior surface of the body of the pancreas and the peritoneum?
What is the relationship between the anterosuperior surface of the body of the pancreas and the peritoneum?
What structures are anterior to the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas?
What structures are anterior to the posterior surface of the body of the pancreas?
What is the relationship between the anteroinferior surface of the body of the pancreas and the duodenojejunal junction?
What is the relationship between the anteroinferior surface of the body of the pancreas and the duodenojejunal junction?
What structures are found on the superior border of the body of the pancreas?
What structures are found on the superior border of the body of the pancreas?
What is the relationship between the inferior border of the body of the pancreas and the anteroinferior surfaces?
What is the relationship between the inferior border of the body of the pancreas and the anteroinferior surfaces?
The inferior border of the pancreas is where the inferior mesenteric vessels emerge from.
The inferior border of the pancreas is where the inferior mesenteric vessels emerge from.
The splenic vein joins the inferior mesenteric vein on the posterior surface of the pancreas.
The splenic vein joins the inferior mesenteric vein on the posterior surface of the pancreas.
Describe the relationship between the anterior border of the body of the pancreas and the anterosuperior and anteroinferior surfaces.
Describe the relationship between the anterior border of the body of the pancreas and the anterosuperior and anteroinferior surfaces.
What is the relationship between the transverse mesocolon and the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
What is the relationship between the transverse mesocolon and the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
What is the anatomical connection between the tail of the pancreas and the spleen?
What is the anatomical connection between the tail of the pancreas and the spleen?
What structures does the tail of the pancreas contain?
What structures does the tail of the pancreas contain?
Explain the connection between the uncinate process and the head of the pancreas.
Explain the connection between the uncinate process and the head of the pancreas.
The uncinate process developed from the same embryonic origin as the rest of the pancreas.
The uncinate process developed from the same embryonic origin as the rest of the pancreas.
What is the location of the uncinate process in relation to the superior mesenteric vessels?
What is the location of the uncinate process in relation to the superior mesenteric vessels?
What structure is anterior to the uncinate process?
What structure is anterior to the uncinate process?
On what part of the duodenum is the uncinate process located?
On what part of the duodenum is the uncinate process located?
The exocrine pancreatic tissue drains into a single duct that connects to the duodenum.
The exocrine pancreatic tissue drains into a single duct that connects to the duodenum.
The arrangement of the main ducts draining the pancreas is the same in every human.
The arrangement of the main ducts draining the pancreas is the same in every human.
What is another name for the main pancreatic duct?
What is another name for the main pancreatic duct?
What is the alternative name for the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
What is the alternative name for the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
What is another name for the major duodenal papilla?
What is another name for the major duodenal papilla?
The accessory pancreatic duct drains the uncinate process and the lower part of the head of the pancreas.
The accessory pancreatic duct drains the uncinate process and the lower part of the head of the pancreas.
What are the sphincters associated with the control of bile and pancreatic juice flow?
What are the sphincters associated with the control of bile and pancreatic juice flow?
The hepatopancreatic sphincter is a voluntary muscle.
The hepatopancreatic sphincter is a voluntary muscle.
What is another name for the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
What is another name for the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
The flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is regulated by smooth muscle sphincters.
The flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum is regulated by smooth muscle sphincters.
What are the arteries that supply the pancreas?
What are the arteries that supply the pancreas?
What are the veins that drain blood from the pancreas?
What are the veins that drain blood from the pancreas?
What are the lymphatic pathways associated with the pancreas?
What are the lymphatic pathways associated with the pancreas?
What nerves innervate the pancreas?
What nerves innervate the pancreas?
Flashcards
What is the pancreas?
What is the pancreas?
The largest of the digestive glands, located in the epigastric and left hypochondriac regions, between the duodenum and spleen, extending across the posterior abdominal wall.
What is the uncinate process?
What is the uncinate process?
A small, upward projection from the head of the pancreas, posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels and anterior to the aorta.
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
Where is the head of the pancreas located?
The part of the pancreas that lies to the right of the midline, anterior to the vertebral column, within the curvature of the duodenum.
What is the neck of the pancreas?
What is the neck of the pancreas?
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What is the body of the pancreas?
What is the body of the pancreas?
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Where is the tail of the pancreas located?
Where is the tail of the pancreas located?
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What is the main pancreatic duct and where does it drain?
What is the main pancreatic duct and where does it drain?
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What is the accessory pancreatic duct and where does it drain?
What is the accessory pancreatic duct and where does it drain?
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What is the sphincter of the pancreatic duct?
What is the sphincter of the pancreatic duct?
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What is the sphincter of the bile duct?
What is the sphincter of the bile duct?
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What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
What is the hepatopancreatic sphincter?
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What blood vessels supply blood to the pancreas?
What blood vessels supply blood to the pancreas?
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What veins drain blood from the pancreas?
What veins drain blood from the pancreas?
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What lymphatic vessels drain lymph from the pancreas?
What lymphatic vessels drain lymph from the pancreas?
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What nerves innervate the pancreas?
What nerves innervate the pancreas?
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What does the exocrine function of the pancreas involve?
What does the exocrine function of the pancreas involve?
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What does the endocrine function of the pancreas involve?
What does the endocrine function of the pancreas involve?
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How many surfaces does the body of the pancreas have?
How many surfaces does the body of the pancreas have?
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How many borders does the body of the pancreas have?
How many borders does the body of the pancreas have?
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What covers the anterosuperior surface of the pancreas?
What covers the anterosuperior surface of the pancreas?
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What structures are located posterior to the body of the pancreas?
What structures are located posterior to the body of the pancreas?
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What structures are located inferior to the body of the pancreas?
What structures are located inferior to the body of the pancreas?
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What structures are located on the superior border of the pancreas?
What structures are located on the superior border of the pancreas?
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What is the function of the inferior border of the body of the pancreas?
What is the function of the inferior border of the body of the pancreas?
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What is the function of the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
What is the function of the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
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What blood vessels are located near the inferior border of the pancreas?
What blood vessels are located near the inferior border of the pancreas?
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What happens along the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
What happens along the anterior border of the body of the pancreas?
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Study Notes
Pancreas Overview
- Largest digestive gland, measuring 12-15cm in length
- Retroperitoneal, meaning it's behind the abdominal wall
- Firm, lobulated, with a smooth surface
- Located in the epigastric region, left hypocondriac region, between the duodenum and spleen, and behind the stomach.
- Has both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Pancreas Parts
- Head: Located to the right of the midline, anterior to the vertebral column within the duodenal curve. Its upper border is overlapped by the superior part of the duodenum. Uncinate process projects upward from the head, posterior to the superior mesenteric vessels, and anterior to the aorta.
- Neck: Lies between the head and body, approximately 2 cm long.
- Body: Separated from the stomach by the omental bursa. It has an anterosuperior, posterior, and anteroinferior surfaces. Three borders (anterior, superior, and inferior)
- Tail: Connected to the splenorenal ligament, the tail of the pancreas is behind the splenic artery and splenic vein.
Pancreatic Ducts
- Exocrine pancreatic tissue drains into multiple small lobular ducts.
- Main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung) is the commonest arrangement and has a single accessory duct.
- Hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) is where the pancreatic and common bile ducts merge. This structure is located near the major duodenal papilla where the digestive juices empty into the duodenum.
- Accessory Pancreatic duct
- Minor duodenal papilla
- Upper part of head
Sphincters
- Sphincter of pancreatic duct
- Sphincter of bile duct
- Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of Oddi)
- Smooth muscle sphincters control the flow of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum.
Arteries
- Splenic artery
- Gastroduodenal artery
- Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Veins
- Portal vein
- Splenic vein
- Superior mesenteric vein
Lymphatics
- Pancreoticosplenic LN
- Celiac LN
- Superior mesenteric LN
Nerves
- Vagus nerve
- Thoracic splanchnic nerves
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