Snell Anatomy of the Lower Limb Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the hip joint in the right lower limb?

Adductor Magnus

Sartorius

Pectineus

Rectus Femoris (correct)

Which artery is NOT part of the vascular structures within the femoral triangle?

Profunda Femoris Artery

Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery

Deep External Pudendal Artery (correct)

Femoral Artery

Which nerve supplies sensation to the lateral aspect of the thigh?

Intermediate Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

Medial Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh

Saphenous Nerve

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve of Thigh (correct)

The structure primarily found within the femoral sheath is the:

Femoral Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is located most laterally in the right lower limb?

Vastus Lateralis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is NOT found in the adductor canal?

Lateral femoral circumflex artery Signup and view all the answers

What nerve primarily innervates the muscles within the femoral triangle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle serves as a landmark for the femoral triangle?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is located in the femoral canal?

Femoral vein Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the adductor group?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the quadriceps muscle is most affected by atrophy in knee joint disease?

Vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for surgical repair of the rectus femoris muscle?

Complete rupture Signup and view all the answers

What could potentially cause a rupture of the ligamentum patellae?

Sudden flexing force when the quadriceps is contracting Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle forms the lateral wall of the adductor canal?

Vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

Which structures are contained within the femoral triangle?

Deep inguinal lymph nodes and femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure lies superiorly to the femoral triangle?

Inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

During muscle atrophy testing of the quadriceps, what is the method used to assess size reduction?

Circumference measurement above the patella Signup and view all the answers

What forms the floor of the femoral triangle?

Iliopsoas and pectineus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle primarily flexes the thigh at the hip joint and can also flex the trunk on the thigh when the thigh is fixed?

Iliacus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the vastus medialis muscle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the rectus femoris during knee extension?

Flexes thigh at hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is first to atrophy in knee joint disease?

Vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause for a rupture of the rectus femoris muscle?

Sudden violent extension movements Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle contributes to lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does NOT insert into the patella via the quadriceps tendon?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle aids in stabilizing the patella?

Vastus medialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve root supply for the iliacus muscle?

L2, 3 Signup and view all the answers

Which action is primarily associated with the pectineus muscle?

Flexion and adduction of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What type of lymph vessels do the medial members of the superficial inguinal lymph nodes primarily receive?

Lymph vessels from the external genitalia of both sexes Signup and view all the answers

Where are the deep inguinal lymph nodes primarily located?

Beneath the deep fascia along the medial side of the femoral vein Signup and view all the answers

How many common deep inguinal lymph nodes are usually present?

Three Signup and view all the answers

The efferent vessels from the superficial inguinal nodes pass through which structure to join the deep inguinal nodes?

Saphenous opening Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary blood supply to the anterior fascial compartment of the thigh?

Femoral artery Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are included in the anterior fascial compartment of the thigh?

Sartorius, iliopsoas, pectineus, quadriceps femoris Signup and view all the answers

What do the efferent lymph vessels from the deep inguinal nodes ultimately drain into?

External iliac nodes Signup and view all the answers

What lymphatic structures do not drain into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Lymph from the testes Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical feature separates the thigh into three compartments?

Deep fascia Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the great saphenous vein in the lower limb?

It connects to the small saphenous vein via tributary branches. Signup and view all the answers

Where does the great saphenous vein join the femoral vein?

At the saphenous opening about 1.5 in. (4 cm) below the pubic tubercle. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the valved perforating veins play in the venous system?

They prevent backflow of blood in the venous pump. Signup and view all the answers

How many valves does the great saphenous vein typically possess?

Numerous. Signup and view all the answers

Which structure primarily accompanies the great saphenous vein as it ascends the leg?

The saphenous nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the perforating veins in the lower limb?

They connect superficial veins to the deep veins and prevent backflow. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to the formation of varicose veins?

Incompetent valves in perforating veins. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is the great saphenous vein consistently found in front of?

Medial malleolus of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

Where is the common site for the cutdown procedure on the great saphenous vein?

At the ankle, near the medial malleolus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the great saphenous vein's drainage into the femoral vein?

Two fingerbreadths below and lateral to the pubic tubercle Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the veins of the lower limb?

The veins are categorized into superficial, deep, and perforating groups. Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve branch is involved in the saphenous vein cutdown procedure?

Saphenous nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication when performing a cutdown at the ankle for the great saphenous vein?

Phlebitis. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about varicose veins is accurate?

They are associated with hereditary weakness of vein walls. Signup and view all the answers

What role do the pulsations of adjacent arteries play in the lower limb venous system?

They help move blood up the limb by creating intermittent pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the transverse incision during the groin vein cutdown?

It serves to access the great saphenous vein accurately. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition might lead to the veins of the lower limb becoming the main venous pathway?

Thrombophlebitis of deep veins. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can lead to the development of varicose veins?

Incompetent valves in veins Signup and view all the answers

In which compartment of the lower limb are the valved venae comitantes primarily located?

Closed fascial compartments. Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure does the great saphenous vein pass through to gain entrance to the femoral vein?

Saphenous opening Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of varicose veins distinguishes them from normal veins?

Their larger diameter and tortuous path. Signup and view all the answers

Where are the inguinal lymph nodes primarily located?

Superficial in the groin and lower abdomen Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve's sensory supply is involved in the ankle vein cutdown procedure?

Saphenous nerve. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cribriform fascia?

It transmits the great saphenous vein and lymph vessels. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves supplies the skin of the root of the penis and adjacent areas?

Ilioinguinal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for supplying the skin on the lateral aspect of the thigh?

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is located behind the middle of the inguinal ligament?

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh and the gluteus maximus muscle?

It descends on the back of the thigh. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is correctly identified as entering the gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen?

Inferior gluteal artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary composition of the superficial veins in the leg?

Great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the medial aspect of the thigh and joins the patellar plexus?

Medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily responsible for innervating the gluteus maximus muscle?

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries participate in the trochanteric anastomosis that supplies the head of the femur?

Superior Gluteal Artery and Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Provide sensory innervation to the popliteal fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of fascia attaches to the deep fascia about a finger-breadth below the inguinal ligament?

Membranous Layer Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries participate in the cruciate anastomosis?

Inferior Gluteal Artery, Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery, and First Perforating Artery Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve crosses the ischial spine with the internal pudendal artery before reentering the pelvis?

Pudendal Nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the gluteal branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Provide sensory innervation to the buttock Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles does the superior gluteal nerve NOT innervate?

Gluteus Maximus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the inferior gluteal artery primarily supply blood?

Gluteus Maximuss Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the quadratus femoris muscle?

Nerve to Quadratus Femoris Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Femoral Triangle

Triangular depression located in the upper medial thigh, just below the inguinal ligament.
Superior boundary marked by the inguinal ligament.
Lateral boundary formed by the sartorius muscle.
Medial boundary defined by the adductor longus muscle.
Floor composed of iliopsoas, pectineus, and adductor longus muscles.
Roof consists of skin and fasciae of the thigh.
Major contents: femoral nerve, femoral sheath, femoral artery, femoral vein, and deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Adductor (Subsartorial) Canal

Intermuscular cleft situated on the medial aspect of the middle thigh, deep to the sartorius muscle.
Extends from the apex of the femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus.
Triangular in cross-section with three walls:
- Anteromedial formed by sartorius muscle and fascia.
- Posterior wall formed by adductor longus and magnus muscles.
- Lateral wall formed by vastus medialis.

Quadriceps Femoris

Primary extensor muscle for the knee joint, crucial for knee stability.
Quadriceps atrophy may occur in knee joint disease, with vastus medialis atrophying first and recovering last.
Size, strength, and consistency of quadriceps should be assessed in suspected knee joint diseases.

Muscle Ruptures

Rectus femoris can rupture during sudden knee movements, with retraction and palpable gap at the thigh.
Surgical repair is required for complete rupture.
Ligamentum patellae can rupture with sudden flexing force while quadriceps is contracting.

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Comprised of superficial and deep groups.
Superficial lymph nodes: receive lymph from lower abdominal wall, perineum, and external genitalia, divided into horizontal (medial and lateral) and vertical groups.
Deep nodes: located beneath deep fascia, along medial femoral vein, typically three in number.

Thigh Compartment Anatomy

Divided into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments by three fascial septa.
Anterior compartment muscles include sartorius, iliopsoas, pectineus, and quadriceps femoris.
Blood supply primarily from femoral artery and innervation from femoral nerve.

Superficial and Deep Veins

Superficial veins include great and small saphenous veins, important for clinical assessments.
Great saphenous vein runs in front of the medial malleolus and drains into the femoral vein.
Deep veins accompany the major arteries and include venae comitantes, popliteal, and femoral veins.
Perforating veins connect superficial and deep veins and regulate blood flow direction.

Varicose Veins

Enlarged and tortuous veins commonly seen in lower limb, resulting from various factors such as hereditary conditions and valve incompetence.
Not life-threatening but cause discomfort and pain, with potential for development due to high pressure in deep veins during exercise.

Great Saphenous Vein Cutdown

Procedure for gaining access to the great saphenous vein, typically performed at ankle or groin.
Ankle incision risks phlebitis; groin access is preferred for faster infusion due to larger vein diameter.
Involves blocking sensory nerves in the area prior to incision.

Anatomical Landmarks

Saphenous opening: gap in deep fascia below inguinal ligament, transmits great saphenous vein, small branches of the femoral artery, and lymph vessels.
Inferior gluteal artery enters gluteal region through the greater sciatic foramen, below the piriformis muscle.

Conclusion

Thorough understanding of the lower limb's anatomical structures, lymphatics, and vascular systems is essential for diagnosing and treating various conditions related to this region.### Nerves of the Thigh
Medial Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: Branches from the femoral nerve; innervates the medial thigh; connects with the patellar plexus.
Intermediate Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: Also a branch of the femoral nerve; divides into two branches for the anterior thigh; joins the patellar plexus.
Obturator Nerve Branches: Anterior division branches provide sensory innervation to various areas on the medial thigh.
Patellar Plexus: Located anterior to the knee; formed by terminal branches of the cutaneous nerves of the thigh and the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve.
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: Part of the sacral plexus; travels from the gluteal region down the back of the thigh; supplies skin and branches in the upper leg.

Superficial Veins

Great and Small Saphenous Veins: Main superficial veins in the leg, comparable to the basilic and cephalic veins in the arm; important in clinical conditions.

Gluteal Region Nerves

Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh: Passes through the greater sciatic foramen; supplies skin in the popliteal fossa, including gluteal branch innervation.
Superior Gluteal Nerve: Exits the pelvis through the upper part of the greater sciatic foramen; supplies gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.
Inferior Gluteal Nerve: Exits through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen; innervates gluteus maximus.
Nerve to Quadratus Femoris: Supplies quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus; exits through the lower part of the greater sciatic foramen.
Pudendal Nerve and Nerve to Obturator Internus: Exit through lower greater sciatic foramen; cross ischial spine; reenter pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen.

Gluteal Region Arteries

Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries: Main arterial supply to the gluteal region; branches of the internal iliac artery; crucial for collateral circulation around the hip.
Superior Gluteal Artery: Enters through upper greater sciatic foramen; divides into branches for gluteal supply.
Inferior Gluteal Artery: Supplies lower gluteal region, especially gluteus maximus, and enters through the lower greater sciatic foramen.

Anastomoses

Trochanteric Anastomosis: Vital blood supply route for the head of the femur; includes superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries.
Cruciate Anastomosis: Located at the lesser trochanter; connects internal iliac and femoral arteries; includes inferior gluteal, medial and lateral femoral circumflex, and the first perforating artery.

Thigh Anatomy

Thigh Definition: The segment between the hip and knee, with the femur acting as its core structure.

Fascia

Fatty Layer: Superficial fascia that extends from the anterior abdominal wall down the thigh and leg uninterrupted.
Membranous Layer: Extends from the abdominal fascia, attaching to the deep fascia; critical for understanding complications like urethral rupture.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the lower limb with this quiz. Dive into questions regarding muscle functions, vascular structures, and nerve supply in the right lower limb. Perfect for students studying anatomy or preparing for anatomy exams.