Anatomy of the Kidney

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Which arteries branch from the renal arteries?

Segmental arteries (correct)
Interlobular arteries
Arcuate arteries
Interlobar arteries

What is the function of the afferent arterioles?

To form a plexus around the proximal and distal tubules
To supply blood to the glomerulus (correct)
To drain into interlobular veins
To exit the renal corpuscle

What is the name of the specialized parts of peritubular capillaries that course into the medulla?

Vasa recta (correct)
Efferent arterioles
Interlobular arteries
Peritubular capillaries

Into which veins do the peritubular capillaries drain?

Interlobular veins (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of venous drainage in the kidney?

Renal veins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of perirenal fat?

To act as a cushioning for the kidneys (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the renal sinus?

A cavity filled with fat and loose connective tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of urine from the nephron?

Minor calyses, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?

15% (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the glomerulus?

A fenestrated capillary bed responsible for filtration (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

An inner layer with podocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus?

Supplies blood to the glomerulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron has a simple cuboidal epithelium with many microvilli?

Proximal tubule (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

To regulate blood pressure by producing renin (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the filtration membrane that allows it to filter out larger plasma proteins?

It has a small pore size that only allows proteins smaller than 7nm to pass through (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nephron is responsible for producing a concentrated urine?

Loop of Henle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the macula densa in the nephron?

To sense changes in the sodium concentration in the filtrate (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

To produce urine (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the force that pushes fluid out of the glomerular capillary and into Bowman's capsule?

Hydrostatic pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the balance between glomerular capillary pressure, capsule hydrostatic pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure?

Filtration pressure (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of tubular reabsorption?

To reabsorb essential substances into the bloodstream (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is used to move substances from the filtrate to the interstitial fluid?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the filtrate volume is reabsorbed into the bloodstream?

99% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of transport of K+ and Cl- across the apical membrane of the tubule cells?

Facilitated diffusion (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the net effect of reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct?

Decreased urine volume (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tubular secretion in the nephron?

Removal of metabolic by-products and drugs (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of water movement in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

Osmosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the medullary concentration gradient in urine production?

To concentrate the urine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the countercurrent multiplier system in the nephron?

To concentrate the urine (A) Signup and view all the answers