29 Questions
Which arteries branch from the renal arteries?
Segmental arteries
What is the function of the afferent arterioles?
To supply blood to the glomerulus
What is the name of the specialized parts of peritubular capillaries that course into the medulla?
Vasa recta
Into which veins do the peritubular capillaries drain?
Interlobular veins
What is the final stage of venous drainage in the kidney?
Renal veins
What is the primary function of perirenal fat?
To act as a cushioning for the kidneys
What is the renal sinus?
A cavity filled with fat and loose connective tissue
What is the path of urine from the nephron?
Minor calyses, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra
What percentage of nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?
15%
What is the glomerulus?
A fenestrated capillary bed responsible for filtration
What is the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?
An inner layer with podocytes
What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus?
Supplies blood to the glomerulus
Which part of the nephron has a simple cuboidal epithelium with many microvilli?
Proximal tubule
What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
To regulate blood pressure by producing renin
What is the characteristic of the filtration membrane that allows it to filter out larger plasma proteins?
It has a small pore size that only allows proteins smaller than 7nm to pass through
Which part of the nephron is responsible for producing a concentrated urine?
Loop of Henle
What is the function of the macula densa in the nephron?
To sense changes in the sodium concentration in the filtrate
What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?
To produce urine
What is the force that pushes fluid out of the glomerular capillary and into Bowman's capsule?
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the result of the balance between glomerular capillary pressure, capsule hydrostatic pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure?
Filtration pressure
What is the purpose of tubular reabsorption?
To reabsorb essential substances into the bloodstream
What type of transport is used to move substances from the filtrate to the interstitial fluid?
All of the above
What percentage of the filtrate volume is reabsorbed into the bloodstream?
99%
What is the primary mechanism of transport of K+ and Cl- across the apical membrane of the tubule cells?
Facilitated diffusion
What is the net effect of reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct?
Decreased urine volume
What is the primary function of tubular secretion in the nephron?
Removal of metabolic by-products and drugs
What is the primary mechanism of water movement in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?
Osmosis
What is the primary function of the medullary concentration gradient in urine production?
To concentrate the urine
What is the primary function of the countercurrent multiplier system in the nephron?
To concentrate the urine
Explore the structure and functions of the kidney, including the perirenal fat, renal capsule, renal fascia, and nephron. Learn about the different parts of the nephron and their roles in kidney function. Test your knowledge of the kidney's anatomy!
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