Anatomy of the Kidney
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Questions and Answers

Which arteries branch from the renal arteries?

  • Segmental arteries (correct)
  • Interlobular arteries
  • Arcuate arteries
  • Interlobar arteries

    • What is the function of the afferent arterioles?

  • To form a plexus around the proximal and distal tubules
  • To supply blood to the glomerulus (correct)
  • To drain into interlobular veins
  • To exit the renal corpuscle

    • What is the name of the specialized parts of peritubular capillaries that course into the medulla?

  • Vasa recta (correct)
  • Efferent arterioles
  • Interlobular arteries
  • Peritubular capillaries

    • Into which veins do the peritubular capillaries drain?

    <p>Interlobular veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final stage of venous drainage in the kidney?

    <p>Renal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of perirenal fat?

    <p>To act as a cushioning for the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal sinus?

    <p>A cavity filled with fat and loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the path of urine from the nephron?

    <p>Minor calyses, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of nephrons are juxtamedullary nephrons?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the glomerulus?

    <p>A fenestrated capillary bed responsible for filtration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule?

    <p>An inner layer with podocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the afferent arteriole in the glomerulus?

    <p>Supplies blood to the glomerulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron has a simple cuboidal epithelium with many microvilli?

    <p>Proximal tubule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

    <p>To regulate blood pressure by producing renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the filtration membrane that allows it to filter out larger plasma proteins?

    <p>It has a small pore size that only allows proteins smaller than 7nm to pass through</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for producing a concentrated urine?

    <p>Loop of Henle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the macula densa in the nephron?

    <p>To sense changes in the sodium concentration in the filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of nephrons in the kidney?

    <p>To produce urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the force that pushes fluid out of the glomerular capillary and into Bowman's capsule?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the balance between glomerular capillary pressure, capsule hydrostatic pressure, and blood colloid osmotic pressure?

    <p>Filtration pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of tubular reabsorption?

    <p>To reabsorb essential substances into the bloodstream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport is used to move substances from the filtrate to the interstitial fluid?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the filtrate volume is reabsorbed into the bloodstream?

    <p>99%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of transport of K+ and Cl- across the apical membrane of the tubule cells?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net effect of reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct?

    <p>Decreased urine volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of tubular secretion in the nephron?

    <p>Removal of metabolic by-products and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of water movement in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts?

    <p>Osmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the medullary concentration gradient in urine production?

    <p>To concentrate the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the countercurrent multiplier system in the nephron?

    <p>To concentrate the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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