Podcast
Questions and Answers
Where do the collecting ducts deliver urine into?
Where do the collecting ducts deliver urine into?
Which type of nephrons make up 85% of all nephrons?
Which type of nephrons make up 85% of all nephrons?
What is the major role of juxtamedullary nephrons?
What is the major role of juxtamedullary nephrons?
Which part of the kidney has a highly infolded basolateral membrane?
Which part of the kidney has a highly infolded basolateral membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?
What is the function of the distal convoluted tubule in the nephron?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nephron has apical microvilli and mitochondria?
Which part of the nephron has apical microvilli and mitochondria?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the renal tubule is closest to the renal corpuscle?
Which part of the renal tubule is closest to the renal corpuscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells have apical microvilli and a highly infolded basolateral membrane?
Which cells have apical microvilli and a highly infolded basolateral membrane?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nephron consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb?
Which part of the nephron consists of a descending limb and an ascending limb?
Signup and view all the answers
Which layer of the glomerular capsule is part of the renal corpuscle?
Which layer of the glomerular capsule is part of the renal corpuscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of cells line the distal convoluted tubule?
Which type of cells line the distal convoluted tubule?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the distal convoluted tubule drain into?
Where does the distal convoluted tubule drain into?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main source of sympathetic fibers for the kidney?
What is the main source of sympathetic fibers for the kidney?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure forms a cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus?
Which structure forms a cup-shaped, hollow structure surrounding the glomerulus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of podocytes in the renal corpuscle?
What is the main function of podocytes in the renal corpuscle?
Signup and view all the answers
Where in the kidney does the renal pyramids and the surrounding cortical tissue make up a lobe?
Where in the kidney does the renal pyramids and the surrounding cortical tissue make up a lobe?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure in the nephron is known as the high-pressure capillary bed composed of fenestrated endothelium?
Which structure in the nephron is known as the high-pressure capillary bed composed of fenestrated endothelium?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the smooth muscle in the walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter?
What is the function of the smooth muscle in the walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary component of filtrate in the renal tubules?
What is the primary component of filtrate in the renal tubules?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the pathway through which urine flows from the renal pyramid to the bladder?
What is the pathway through which urine flows from the renal pyramid to the bladder?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta carry the processed filtrate to?
Where do the peritubular capillaries or vasa recta carry the processed filtrate to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region of the kidney is a funnel-shaped tube continuous with the ureter?
Which region of the kidney is a funnel-shaped tube continuous with the ureter?
Signup and view all the answers
What structures are separated by renal columns?
What structures are separated by renal columns?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the kidney delivers about one-fourth of cardiac output to the kidneys every minute?
Which part of the kidney delivers about one-fourth of cardiac output to the kidneys every minute?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Vasa recta in the nephrons?
What is the function of Vasa recta in the nephrons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nephron contains the Macula densa cells that sense NaCl concentration?
Which part of the nephron contains the Macula densa cells that sense NaCl concentration?
Signup and view all the answers
What do Granular cells in the Juxtaglomerular Complex synthesize, store, and secrete?
What do Granular cells in the Juxtaglomerular Complex synthesize, store, and secrete?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main role of the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC) in nephrons?
What is the main role of the Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC) in nephrons?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vessels arise from efferent arterioles serving juxtamedullary nephrons?
Which vessels arise from efferent arterioles serving juxtamedullary nephrons?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the Granular cells (JG cells) in the Juxtaglomerular Complex?
What is the role of the Granular cells (JG cells) in the Juxtaglomerular Complex?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Kidney Structure
- The renal cortex is the superficial region of the kidney
- The renal medulla is the deep region, composed of cone-shaped medullary (renal) pyramids
- Renal pyramids are separated by renal columns
- A lobe consists of a medullary pyramid and its surrounding cortical tissue, with approximately eight lobes per kidney
Internal Gross Anatomy
- The renal pelvis is a funnel-shaped tube continuous with the ureter
- Branching extensions of the renal pelvis form minor calyces, which are cup-shaped areas that collect urine
- Minor calyces merge to form major calyces, which empty into the renal pelvis
- The walls of the calyces, pelvis, and ureter contain smooth muscle that contracts to propel urine by peristalsis
Urine Flow
- Urine flows from the renal pyramid to the minor calyx, then to the major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, and finally the bladder
Blood and Nerve Supply
- The kidneys have a rich blood supply, receiving about one-fourth of cardiac output (1200 ml) each minute
- Renal arteries branch within the kidney until reaching each nephron
- Sympathetic fibers from the renal plexus supply the kidney
Nephrons
- Nephrons are the structural and functional units that form urine, with over 1 million per kidney
- Each nephron consists of two main parts: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule
- The renal corpuscle is composed of the glomerulus and glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
- The renal tubule is divided into three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule
Renal Corpuscle
- The glomerulus is a high-pressure capillary bed composed of fenestrated endothelium
- The glomerular capsule, also known as Bowman's capsule, is a cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus
- The capsule has two layers: the parietal layer and the visceral layer, which consists of branching epithelial cells (podocytes)
Renal Tubule
- The renal tubule is a single layer of epithelial cells, but each region has its own unique histology and function
- The proximal convoluted tubule is the closest to the renal corpuscle
- The nephron loop is divided into two limbs (descending and ascending)
- The distal convoluted tubule is the farthest from the renal corpuscle and drains into the collecting duct
Collecting Duct
- Collecting ducts maintain water and sodium balance and help maintain acid-base balance of the blood
- They receive filtrate from many nephrons and run through the pyramids, fusing together to deliver urine through papillae into minor calyces
Nephron Classification
- Cortical nephrons make up 85% of nephrons and are mainly located in the cortex
- Juxtamedullary nephrons have long nephron loops that deeply invade the medulla and play an important role in producing concentrated urine
Nephron Capillary Beds
- Renal tubules are associated with two capillary beds: the glomerulus (high pressure) and vasa recta (long, thin-walled vessels in juxtamedullary nephrons)
- Vasa recta arise from efferent arterioles serving juxtamedullary nephrons and function in the formation of concentrated urine
Juxtaglomerular Complex (JGC)
- Each nephron has one juxtaglomerular complex, which is part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus
- The JGC involves modified portions of the distal portion of the ascending limb of the nephron loop and the afferent arteriole
- The JGC regulates the rate of filtrate formation and blood pressure
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the kidney nephron, including structures like renal cortex, renal medulla, glomerular capsule, and various tubules. Identify different components and understand their functions in the kidney's filtration process.
