Anatomy of the Human Digestive System
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es la función principal del intestino delgado?

  • Absorber agua y electrolitos
  • Almacenar y eliminar residuos
  • Descomponer los alimentos en nutrientes (correct)
  • Producir jugo pancreático y bilis

    • ¿Qué secreta enzimas y ácidos para descomponer los alimentos?

  • Mouth (boca)
  • Small intestine (intestino delgado)
  • Esophagus (esófago)
  • Stomach (estómago) (correct)

    • ¿Qué ayuda a la fermentación y la producción de vitaminas en el intestino grueso?

  • El jugo pancreático
  • La bilis
  • La microbiota del colon (correct)
  • La saliva

    • ¿Cuál es el nombre del esfínter que separa el esófago del estómago?

    <p>Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Qué es la función de la saliva en la boca?

    <p>Descomponer carbohidratos en azúcares</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ¿Cuál es el nombre del proceso por el cual los alimentos son propelidos a través del esófago?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Digestive System

    Mouth

    • Also known as the oral cavity
    • First stage of digestion
    • Food is broken down mechanically by chewing (mastication)
    • Saliva, produced by salivary glands, contains enzymes (amylase and lipase) to break down carbohydrates and fats
    • Swallowing (deglutition) occurs when food is propelled into the pharynx

    Esophagus

    • Muscular tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach
    • Peristalsis: wave-like muscle contractions that propel food through the esophagus
    • Epithelial lining protects the esophagus from acidic stomach contents
    • Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) separates the esophagus from the stomach

    Stomach

    • Hollow, muscular organ that secretes digestive enzymes and acids
    • Gastric glands produce:
      • Pepsin: breaks down proteins
      • Gastric amylase: breaks down carbohydrates
      • Hydrochloric acid (HCl): creates acidic environment
    • Churning action mixes food with stomach secretions
    • Gastric emptying: partially digested food (chyme) enters the small intestine

    Small Intestine

    • Long, thin tube where most nutrient absorption occurs
    • Divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
    • Walls lined with finger-like projections (villi) and microvilli to increase surface area
    • Nutrients absorbed into bloodstream through capillaries
    • Pancreatic juice and bile from the liver and gallbladder aid in digestion

    Large Intestine

    • Also known as the colon or bowel
    • Absorbs water and electrolytes, and stores and eliminates waste
    • Divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon
    • Colon microbiota (gut flora) helps with fermentation and vitamin production
    • Rectum stores feces until defecation occurs

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    Description

    Learn about the different parts of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, and their roles in digestion and nutrient absorption.

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