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Anatomy of the Heart Wall
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Anatomy of the Heart Wall

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Questions and Answers

What happens to heart rate when the sympathetic nervous system (SyNS) is increased?

  • It increases (correct)
  • It becomes irregular
  • It decreases
  • It remains the same
  • Which hormone increases heart rate and contractility?

  • Thyroid hormone
  • Epinephrine
  • Norepinephrine
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What is the term for the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts?

  • Afterload
  • Contractility
  • Stroke volume
  • Preload (correct)
  • What is affected by the duration of ventricular diastole and venous return?

    <p>End diastolic volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased parasympathetic nervous system (PaNS) activity?

    <p>Decreased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Frank-Starling law related to?

    <p>The relationship between preload and stroke volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pericardial fluid in the pericardial cavity?

    <p>To reduce friction between the heart wall and pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer of the heart wall that is in contact with the pericardial cavity?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the ventricles contract?

    <p>The AV valves close, and the pulmonary and aortic valves open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the myocardium?

    <p>To contract and pump blood through the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the papillary muscles?

    <p>To prevent the AV valves from being forced open in the opposite direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interatrial septum?

    <p>A dividing wall between the two atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the heart sound 'lub' produced by?

    <p>The blood turbulence associated with the closing of the AV valves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the right side of the heart?

    <p>To pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the right atrioventricular (AV) valve?

    <p>To allow blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the endothelium?

    <p>A layer of simple squamous epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the coronary circulation?

    <p>To provide oxygenated blood to the heart muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of the conduction system in the heart?

    <p>SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of capillaries in the exchange vessels?

    <p>To exchange substances between the blood and the tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of blood vessel walls, except capillaries?

    <p>A 3-layered arrangement of tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a decrease in lumen size?

    <p>Vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tunica intima layer?

    <p>To provide a simple squamous epithelium and a basement membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of venules merging to form progressively larger veins?

    <p>Venous convergence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

    <p>To carry oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of red blood cells?

    <p>Hemopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of neutrophils in the immune system?

    <p>To fight off bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an increased white blood cell count?

    <p>Leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the average blood pressure in the arteries?

    <p>Mean arterial pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?

    <p>To drain excess interstitial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the fluid that flows through the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lymph nodes in the lymphatic system?

    <p>To filter out foreign substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the two main lymphatic ducts?

    <p>Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which lymph flows through the lymphatic system?

    <p>Lymphatic flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

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