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Questions and Answers

What is the shape of the heart described in the text?

  • Pyramidal (correct)
  • Cuboidal
  • Spherical
  • Rectangular

    • Which surface of the heart is formed mainly by the right ventricle and apical part of the left ventricle?

  • Sternocostal surface
  • Apex
  • Diaphragmatic surface (correct)
  • Base

    • Which part of the heart is concealed by the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

  • Right atrium
  • Left ventricle
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle (correct)

    • Which chamber of the heart is located on the diaphragmatic surface?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the pericardium directly surrounds the heart?

    <p>Visceral pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which border of the heart is formed by the right atrium?

    <p>Right border</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the atrial surfaces of the heart cusps located?

    <p>Anteriorly and to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From where do sympathetic fibers that supply the heart arise?

    <p>Cervical &amp; upper thoracic ganglia of sympathetic trunks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart?

    <p>To regulate the proper rhythm and sequence of heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Sinoatrial (SA) node located?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Purkinje fibers in the heart?

    <p>Generate impulses for heart contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for slowing down heart rate by constricting coronary arteries?

    <p>Vagus nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the apex of the heart located?

    <p>At the level of the left 5th intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the base of the heart called the base?

    <p>Because the heart is pyramid in shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures separate the base of the heart from the vertebral column?

    <p>Descending aorta, esophagus, and oblique sinus of pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is predominantly formed by the right atrium?

    <p>Atrial part of the sterno-costal surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure lodges the right coronary artery in the heart?

    <p>Posterior part of coronary sulcus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the two ventricles of the heart?

    <p>Anterior interventricular groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure connects the papillary muscle with the cuspid in the heart?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the left ventricle have a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

    <p>Because it is the pathological hypertrophy disorder pumping chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is located in the interventricular septum of the heart?

    <p>Bundle of His (AV bundle)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>Accelerate HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle is typically more muscular and pumps blood to the entire body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cardiac structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the ventricles into the atria?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is surrounded by a fibrous ring that gives attachment to the cusps of the mitral valve?

    <p>Left Mitral (bicuspid) Orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

    <p>One anterior and two posterior cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atrioventricular orifice is smaller, admitting only the tips of 2 fingers?

    <p>Left Mitral (bicuspid) Orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many semilunar cusps does the pulmonary valve have?

    <p>Three cusps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve does not have chordae tendineae or papillary muscles attached to its cusps?

    <p>Pulmonary Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve has an atrial surface of cusps that are smooth but ventricular surfaces attached to chordae tendinae?

    <p>Mitral Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is surrounded by a fibrous ring giving attachment to the tricuspid valve?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ventricle communicates with the pulmonary trunk through the pulmonary orifice?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atrioventricular orifice lies anterior to the opening of the IVC?

    <p>Right atrioventricular orifice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure receives 4 veins without valves?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart has a wall that contains trabeculae carnae?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the intrinsic conduction system of the heart is correct?

    <p>The AV node is called the pacemaker of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart becomes funnel-shaped before leading to the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do parasympathetic fibers reach the heart from?

    <p>Vagus nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart forms the greater part of the base?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart is primarily formed by the right atrium?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart sends blood to the aorta through the aortic orifice?

    <p>Left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of sympathetic fibers in regulating heart rate?

    <p>They increase heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the AV node located within the heart?

    <p>Junction of atria and ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart has a thicker wall due to pumping blood to the entire body?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve plexus surrounds the coronary arteries providing parasympathetic innervation to the heart?

    <p>Cardiac plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart is known as the pacemaker?

    <p>SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates the pericardium into an outer fibrous layer and an inner serous sac?

    <p>Shape of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the heart is concealed by the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the upper border of the heart?

    <p>Right and left atria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature of the heart contributes to its somewhat pyramidal shape?

    <p>Number of ventricles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily forms the lower border of the heart?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chamber of the heart is located on the sternocostal surface?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the heart is mainly formed by the right atrium?

    <p>Diaphragmatic surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the apex of the heart located?

    <p>At the level of the left 5th intercostal space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures form the right border of the heart?

    <p>Right atrium and right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures separate the base of the heart from the vertebral column?

    <p>Descending aorta and esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart does not rest on its base?

    <p>Diaphragmatic (inferior) surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms mainly the ventricular part of the sterno-costal (anterior) surface of the heart?

    <p>Right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery lodges in the anterior interventricular groove?

    <p>Anterior interventricular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which surface of the heart is predominantly formed by the right atrium?

    <p>Anterior surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the two ventricles of the heart?

    <p>Posterior interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the heart connects the papillary muscle with the cuspid?

    <p>Chordae tendineae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the left ventricle wall thicker than the right ventricle wall?

    <p>Because it is a pathological hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Bachmann’s bundle located in the heart?

    <p>Bachmann’s bundle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

    <p>Accelerate HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures lodges in the interventricular septum?

    <p>Purkinje fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the moderator band in the heart?

    <p>Strengthen cardiac muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Trabeculae carneae found in the heart?

    <p>On the papillary muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

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