Anatomy of the Thorax
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Questions and Answers

Which structure drains venous blood from the posterior wall of the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

  • Esophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Azygos vein (correct)
  • Descending aorta

    • What is the main function of the descending aorta?

  • To deliver oxygenated blood to the thorax (correct)
  • To drain lymphatic fluid from the thoracic cavity
  • To drain venous blood from the posterior wall of the abdominal and thoracic cavities
  • To deliver deoxygenated blood to the SVC

    • Which structure is the largest lymphatic vessel?

  • Azygos vein
  • Esophagus
  • Descending aorta
  • Thoracic duct (correct)

    • Which nerves travel within the esophagus and course along/in the Celiac ganglion?

    <p>Vagus nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sympathetic trunk?

    <p>To transmit postganglionic sympathetic neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the sternal angle?

    <p>Sternal angle of Louis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sternal angle located?

    <p>At the junction between the manubrium and the sternum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the abbreviation 'RAT PLANT' stand for?

    <p>Rib 2, Aortic arch, Tracheal bifurcation, Pulmonary trunk, Ligamentum arteriosum, Nerves, Thoracic duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thoracic lymphatic duct?

    <p>To deliver lymphatic fluid from the thoracic cavity to the left subclavian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the transverse thoracic plane (TTP)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which veins drain into the azygos system or internal thoracic vein depending on their location?

    <p>Intercostal veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do intercostal arteries supply?

    <p>Tissue within intercostal spaces and overlying skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do intercostal nerves provide?

    <p>Motor and sensory innervation to intercostal muscles and skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the right lung have?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lobes does the left lung have?

    <p>Two</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the trachea bifurcate?

    <p>At the sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are bronchioles made of?

    <p>Cartilage and smooth muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds the heart?

    <p>A double-walled pericardial sac</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the heart chambers receive?

    <p>Deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium?

    <p>The tricuspid valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the thoracic skeleton?

    <p>There are 12 pairs of ribs that attach laterally to the 12 thoracic vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about true ribs?

    <p>They attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about false ribs?

    <p>They attach indirectly to the sternum by superior costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about floating ribs?

    <p>They attach indirectly to the sternum by superior costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about costal cartilage?

    <p>It is hyaline cartilage that connects ribs to the sternum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the sternum?

    <p>It is made up of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the intercostal muscles?

    <p>There are 3 layers of muscles segmentally located between the ribs and costal cartilage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the actions of the intercostal muscles?

    <p>The innermost intercostal muscles stiffen the space between the ribs and costal parietal pleura during inspiration/inhalation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the posterior mediastinum?

    <p>It contains the wiring for all the systems in the thorax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the mediastinum?

    <p>It is a point midway between the lungs anteriorly and sagittally between the sternum and vertebrae.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True ribs (1-7) attach directly to the sternum by ______

    <p>costal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intercostal muscles 3 layers of muscles segmentally located between the ribs and ______

    <p>costal cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mediastinum is a point midway between the lungs anteriorly and sagittally it is between the sternum and ______

    <p>vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descending aorta is the main ______ for delivery of oxygenated blood to the thorax

    <p>highway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The azygos vein system drains venous blood from the posterior wall of the abdominal and thoracic ______

    <p>cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The thoracic duct is the largest ______ vessel; goes from abdominal to thoracic, to the next area; drains into systemic circ.

    <p>lymphatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The sympathetic trunk spans the thoracic cavity superiorly to inferiorly and contains the cell bodies of post ganglionic, sympathetic neuronal cell bodies destined for sweat glands, head, neck, heart, and ______

    <p>lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intercostal veins drain into the ______ system or internal thoracic vein depending on their location.

    <p>azygos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The trachea bifurcates at the ______ into the right and left main bronchi, which further divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi.

    <p>sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bronchioles are made of cartilage and smooth muscles that control the amount of oxygen reaching the blood in the ______ sacs.

    <p>alveolar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The heart is surrounded by a double-walled pericardial sac, consisting of fibrous and ______ layers.

    <p>serous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy of the Heart, Lungs, and Airways

    • Intercostal veins drain into the azygos system or internal thoracic vein depending on their location.
    • Intercostal arteries supply tissue within intercostal spaces and overlying skin.
    • Intercostal nerves provide motor and sensory innervation to intercostal muscles and skin.
    • The right lung has three lobes separated by horizontal and oblique fissures, while the left lung has two lobes and a lingula.
    • The trachea bifurcates at the sternal angle into the right and left main bronchi, which further divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi.
    • Bronchioles are made of cartilage and smooth muscles that control the amount of oxygen reaching the blood in the alveolar sacs.
    • The heart is surrounded by a double-walled pericardial sac, consisting of fibrous and serous layers.
    • The heart chambers receive deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.
    • The right atrium contains the fossa ovalis and the tricuspid valve, which prevents backflow of blood into the atrium.
    • The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries.
    • The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and contains the bicuspid valve.
    • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta through the aortic valve, which prevents backflow.

    Anatomy of the Heart, Lungs, and Airways

    • Intercostal veins drain into the azygos system or internal thoracic vein depending on their location.
    • Intercostal arteries supply tissue within intercostal spaces and overlying skin.
    • Intercostal nerves provide motor and sensory innervation to intercostal muscles and skin.
    • The right lung has three lobes separated by horizontal and oblique fissures, while the left lung has two lobes and a lingula.
    • The trachea bifurcates at the sternal angle into the right and left main bronchi, which further divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi.
    • Bronchioles are made of cartilage and smooth muscles that control the amount of oxygen reaching the blood in the alveolar sacs.
    • The heart is surrounded by a double-walled pericardial sac, consisting of fibrous and serous layers.
    • The heart chambers receive deoxygenated blood from the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus.
    • The right atrium contains the fossa ovalis and the tricuspid valve, which prevents backflow of blood into the atrium.
    • The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries.
    • The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins and contains the bicuspid valve.
    • The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta through the aortic valve, which prevents backflow.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the heart, lungs, and airways with this quiz. Explore key structures and functions, including the intercostal veins, arteries, and nerves, as well as the lobes of the lungs and the trachea. Discover the components of the heart chambers and their role in blood circulation. Challenge yourself to understand the intricate details of these vital organs.

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