Anatomy of the Femur Shaft

Questions and Answers

What is the nerve supply for the iliacus muscle?

L1-L3 spinal nerves

Obturator nerve

Femoral nerve (correct)

Sciatic nerve

Which muscle is primarily responsible for the extension of the leg at the knee joint?

Gracilis

Psoas major

Rectus femoris (correct)

Iliacus

Which muscle originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis?

Psoas major

Rectus femoris

Iliacus

Gracilis (correct)

What is the action of the iliopsoas muscle?

Flexion of thigh at hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles passes under the inguinal ligament to insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Iliopsoas Signup and view all the answers

What action is associated with the rectus femoris at the hip joint?

Flexion Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is innervated by direct muscular branches from the ventral rami of L1-L3 spinal nerves?

Psoas major Signup and view all the answers

The gracilis muscle is unique among the medial compartment thigh muscles because it crosses which joint?

Knee joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is the most anterior of the adductor muscles?

Adductor Longus Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the Adductor Brevis?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT performed by the Adductor Longus?

Extension of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Adductor Magnus insert?

Medial border of gluteal tuberosity Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Adductor Longus?

Body of pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the Adductor Magnus consists of fibers oriented vertically?

Hamstring part Signup and view all the answers

What action is associated with the adductor muscles at the hip joint?

Adduction of thigh Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the Adductor Magnus from the other adductor muscles?

It is the largest and most posterior adductor muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle in the anterior compartment of the thigh is responsible for flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary nerve that innervates the pectineus muscle?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the quadriceps femoris muscle is true regarding its origin?

Rectus femoris is the only head that originates from the hip bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the quadriceps femoris at the knee joint?

Extension Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the sartorius muscle?

Upper part of the medial surface of the shaft of tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT performed by the sartorius muscle?

Extension of leg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for both flexion and adduction of the thigh at the hip joint?

Pectineus Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does NOT contribute to the pes anserinus?

Vastus Intermedius Signup and view all the answers

The iliopsoas muscle consists of the iliacus and psoas major muscles.

True Signup and view all the answers

The rectus femoris muscle is predominantly responsible for flexion at the knee joint.

False Signup and view all the answers

Gracilis is the only muscle of the medial compartment that does not cross the knee joint.

False Signup and view all the answers

The psoas major muscle is innervated by the femoral nerve.

False Signup and view all the answers

The quadriceps femoris tendon encloses the patella.

True Signup and view all the answers

All muscles of the quadriceps femoris group originate from the same area of the femur.

False Signup and view all the answers

Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint is an action performed by the iliopsoas muscle.

True Signup and view all the answers

The insertion point of the gracilis muscle is located at the lower part of the femur.

False Signup and view all the answers

The pectineus muscle is primarily responsible for the abduction of the thigh at the hip joint.

False Signup and view all the answers

The sartorius muscle originates from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

True Signup and view all the answers

The quadriceps femoris muscle consists of three parts.

False Signup and view all the answers

The femoral nerve supplies the muscular innervation for both the sartorius and pectineus muscles.

True Signup and view all the answers

The action of the sartorius muscle at the knee joint includes extension.

False Signup and view all the answers

The vastus intermedius originates from the anterior aspect of the femur.

True Signup and view all the answers

The action of the quadriceps femoris muscle primarily includes hip extension.

False Signup and view all the answers

The gracilis muscle innervates the pectineus muscle.

False Signup and view all the answers

The adductor magnus is the largest adductor muscle in the thigh.

True Signup and view all the answers

The obturator nerve supplies all the adductor muscles of the thigh.

False Signup and view all the answers

The adductor brevis muscle originates from the body and superior ramus of the pubis.

False Signup and view all the answers

The primary action of the adductor longus is to abduct the thigh at the hip joint.

False Signup and view all the answers

The insertion point of the adductor longus is the middle third of the linea aspera.

True Signup and view all the answers

The adductor hiatus is a gap in the adductor magnus that connects the adductor canal with the popliteal fossa.

True Signup and view all the answers

The hamstring part of the adductor magnus extends from the ischial tuberosity to the adductor tubercle of the femur.

True Signup and view all the answers

The action of the adductor brevis does not include flexion of the thigh at the hip joint.

False Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles primarily contributes to flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?

Sartorius Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle originates from the pectineal line of the superior ramus of the pubis?

Pectineus Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve supply of the quadriceps femoris?

Femoral Nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the quadriceps femoris originates from the anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur?

Vastus Intermedius Signup and view all the answers

The insertion of the sartorius muscle is located at which part of the leg?

Upper part of medial surface of tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the quadriceps femoris regarding its parts?

Rectus femoris is the only one that originates from the hip bone. Signup and view all the answers

Which action of the pectineus muscle is correctly identified?

Adduction of thigh at hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does NOT primarily perform an action at the knee joint?

Pectineus Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the adductor part of the adductor magnus?

Obturator nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the hamstring part of the adductor magnus at the hip joint?

Extension of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What structure runs through the saphenous opening in the fascia lata?

Great saphenous vein Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint?

Obturator externus Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature connects the adductor canal to the popliteal fossa?

Adductor hiatus Signup and view all the answers

From where does the obturator externus originate?

Bony margins of the obturator foramen Signup and view all the answers

What structural modification in the fascia lata helps to stabilize the knee joint during movement?

Iliotibial tract Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the adductor magnus contains fibers that assist in hip joint extension?

Hamstring part Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the iliopsoas muscle group?

Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is formed from the continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon?

Patellar ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle acts as a flexor of the thigh at the hip joint while also extending the leg at the knee joint?

Rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the psoas major from other muscles in the iliopsoas group?

It receives nerve supply from ventral rami of L1-L3 spinal nerves Signup and view all the answers

Where do the iliopsoas muscles insert?

Lesser trochanter of the femur Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the gracilis muscle is correct?

It inserts into the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia Signup and view all the answers

Which other muscle, along with gracilis, contributes to the pes anserinus?

Semitendinosus Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the quadriceps femoris tendon and the patella?

The tendon completely encircles the patella Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Adductor Magnus muscle?

Adduction and flexion of the thigh at the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the insertion of the Adductor Brevis?

It inserts into the posterior surface of the femur, lateral to the pectineal line Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is considered the most posterior of the adductor muscles?

Adductor Magnus Signup and view all the answers

The hamstring part of the Adductor Magnus is characterized by which of the following?

Having vertically oriented fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Adductor Longus muscle?

Body of the pubis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT performed by the Adductor Longus muscle?

Abduction of the thigh at the hip joint Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the obturator nerve's role in the adductor muscles?

It innervates all adductor muscles of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure does the adductor hiatus communicate with?

Adductor canal and popliteal fossa Signup and view all the answers

Which group of lymph nodes lies just below and parallel to the inguinal ligament?

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms the boundary between the abdomen and the thigh?

Inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What primarily drains into the deep inguinal lymph nodes?

Efferent vessels from superficial inguinal lymph nodes Signup and view all the answers

Which lacuna contains the femoral artery and vein?

Vascular space Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is housed within the muscular space (lacuna) under the inguinal ligament?

Femoral nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical position of the horizontal group of superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Just below the inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the interlacunar ligament?

To divide the space under the inguinal ligament Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about the vessels associated with the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

They receive lymph from the anterior abdominal wall below the umbilicus Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles Involved in the Shaft of Femur

Quadriceps Femoris
- Composed of four heads: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis.
- Inserts via a tendon that surrounds the patella, continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Functions mainly in knee extension; rectus femoris also assists in thigh flexion at the hip.
Iliopsoas
- Comprised of iliacus and psoas major muscles, originating from the posterior abdominal wall.
- Both muscles insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur, passing under the inguinal ligament.
- Psoas major has its origin from L1-L5 vertebrae and adjacent discs; iliacus originates from the iliac fossa.
- Innervated by L1-L3 spinal nerves for psoas major and the femoral nerve for iliacus.
- Actions include hip flexion and trunk flexion when the femur is fixed.

Muscles of the Medial Compartment

Gracilis
- A long and slender muscle along the medial thigh.
- Originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis.
- Inserts into the upper part of the medial tibia and crosses the knee joint, part of the pes anserinus.

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment

Sartorius
- A narrow strap-shaped muscle originating from the ASIS.
- Inserts into the upper medial surface of the tibia, also contributing to the pes anserinus.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Actions involve flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh, as well as flexion and medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint.
Pectineus
- A flat, quadrangular muscle originating from the pectineal line of the pubis.
- Inserts into the posterior femur between the lesser trochanter and upper part of the linea aspera.
- Primarily innervated by the femoral nerve, sometimes assisted by the obturator nerve.
- Functions in flexion and adduction of the thigh at the hip joint.
Adductor Muscles
- Adductor Longus
  - Anteriormost adductor muscle, originating from the body of the pubis.
  - Inserts into the middle third of the linea aspera.
  - Innervated by the obturator nerve; actions include thigh adduction and flexion.
- Adductor Brevis
  - Located behind pectineus and adductor longus.
  - Originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis and inserts into the posterior femur.
  - Innervated by the obturator nerve; involved in thigh adduction and flexion.
- Adductor Magnus
  - The largest and most posterior adductor muscle.
  - Originates from the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity.
  - Inserts into the medial gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and adductor tubercle of the femur.
  - Consists of two parts:
    - Adductor part: involved in thigh adduction.
    - Hamstring part: extends from the ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle, contributing to knee flexion.
  - Features an adductor hiatus that connects the adductor canal with the popliteal fossa for vascular structures.

Muscles Involved in the Shaft of Femur

Quadriceps Femoris
- Composed of four heads: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis.
- Inserts via a tendon that surrounds the patella, continues as patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Functions mainly in knee extension; rectus femoris also assists in thigh flexion at the hip.
Iliopsoas
- Comprised of iliacus and psoas major muscles, originating from the posterior abdominal wall.
- Both muscles insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur, passing under the inguinal ligament.
- Psoas major has its origin from L1-L5 vertebrae and adjacent discs; iliacus originates from the iliac fossa.
- Innervated by L1-L3 spinal nerves for psoas major and the femoral nerve for iliacus.
- Actions include hip flexion and trunk flexion when the femur is fixed.

Muscles of the Medial Compartment

Gracilis
- A long and slender muscle along the medial thigh.
- Originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis.
- Inserts into the upper part of the medial tibia and crosses the knee joint, part of the pes anserinus.

Muscles of the Anterior Compartment

Sartorius
- A narrow strap-shaped muscle originating from the ASIS.
- Inserts into the upper medial surface of the tibia, also contributing to the pes anserinus.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Actions involve flexion, abduction, and lateral rotation of the thigh, as well as flexion and medial rotation of the leg at the knee joint.
Pectineus
- A flat, quadrangular muscle originating from the pectineal line of the pubis.
- Inserts into the posterior femur between the lesser trochanter and upper part of the linea aspera.
- Primarily innervated by the femoral nerve, sometimes assisted by the obturator nerve.
- Functions in flexion and adduction of the thigh at the hip joint.
Adductor Muscles
- Adductor Longus
  - Anteriormost adductor muscle, originating from the body of the pubis.
  - Inserts into the middle third of the linea aspera.
  - Innervated by the obturator nerve; actions include thigh adduction and flexion.
- Adductor Brevis
  - Located behind pectineus and adductor longus.
  - Originates from the body and inferior ramus of the pubis and inserts into the posterior femur.
  - Innervated by the obturator nerve; involved in thigh adduction and flexion.
- Adductor Magnus
  - The largest and most posterior adductor muscle.
  - Originates from the ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity.
  - Inserts into the medial gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and adductor tubercle of the femur.
  - Consists of two parts:
    - Adductor part: involved in thigh adduction.
    - Hamstring part: extends from the ischial tuberosity to adductor tubercle, contributing to knee flexion.
  - Features an adductor hiatus that connects the adductor canal with the popliteal fossa for vascular structures.

Anterior Compartments of the Thigh

Sartorius
- Narrow, strap-shaped muscle originating from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS).
- Inserts into the upper part of the medial tibia, forming part of the pes anserinus.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Actions: flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the thigh; flexes and medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Pectineus
- Flat, quadrangular muscle originating from the pectineal line of the superior ramus of the pubis.
- Inserts into the femur between the lesser trochanter and upper linea aspera.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve and occasionally the obturator nerve.
- Action: flexes and adducts the thigh at the hip joint.
Quadriceps Femoris
- Comprised of four parts: rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and vastus lateralis.
- Rectus femoris originates from the AIIS and the ilium; other parts from the femur.
- Inserts via the quadriceps tendon into the patella, continuing as the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity.
- Innervated by the femoral nerve.
- Actions: extends the leg at the knee (all heads) and flexes the thigh at the hip (rectus femoris).
Iliopsoas
- Consists of the iliacus and psoas major muscles, originating from the lumbar vertebrae and iliac fossa.
- Inserts at the lesser trochanter of the femur after passing under the inguinal ligament.
- Innervation: psoas major by L1-L3 spinal nerves; iliacus by the femoral nerve.
- Actions: flexes the thigh at the hip joint; when femur is fixed, flexes the trunk.

Medial Compartments of the Thigh

Gracilis
- Long, slender muscle located along the medial side of the thigh.
- Originates from the pubis and inserts into the upper part of the medial tibia, part of pes anserinus.
- Innervated by the obturator nerve.
- Actions: adducts the thigh, flexes, and medially rotates the leg at the knee.
Adductor Longus
- Most anterior of the adductor group, originating from the body of the pubis.
- Inserts into the middle third of the linea aspera.
- Innervated by the obturator nerve.
- Actions: adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
Adductor Brevis
- Lies posterior to the pectineus and adductor longus, originating from the pubis.
- Inserts laterally into the posterior surface of the femur near pectineal line and linea aspera.
- Innervated by the obturator nerve.
- Actions: adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint.
Adductor Magnus
- Largest adductor muscle with two functional parts: adductor part and hamstring part.
- Originates from ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts into the linea aspera, gluteal tuberosity, and adductor tubercle of the femur.
- Innervated by the obturator nerve (adductor part) and tibial division of the sciatic nerve (hamstring part).
- Actions: adductor part adducts the thigh; hamstring part extends the thigh.
Obturator Externus
- Deep muscle that originates from the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen.
- Inserts into the trochanteric fossa of the femur.
- Innervated by the obturator nerve.
- Action: laterally rotates the thigh at the hip joint.

Deep Fascia of the Thigh (Fascia Lata)

Encloses the thigh like a stocking and thickens laterally to form the iliotibial tract.
Contains the saphenous opening, transmitting the great saphenous vein and other vessels into the deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Divided into superficial and deep groups.
Superficial Inguinal Nodes
- Located in the superficial fascia.
- Horizontal group lies below and parallel to the inguinal ligament, draining lymph from the abdominal wall and lower body.
- Vertical group follows the great saphenous vein, receiving lymph from the lower limb.
- Efferent vessels lead to deep inguinal lymph nodes.

Spaces Under the Inguinal Ligament

The inguinal ligament defines the boundary between the abdomen and thigh, extending from ASIS to pubic tubercle.
Divided into muscular (lateral) and vascular (medial) spaces by the interlacunar ligament.
Muscular Space: Contains psoas major, iliacus, femoral nerve, and lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh.
Vascular Space: Contains femoral artery, vein, lymphatics, and the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve.

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Description

This quiz covers the anatomy of the femur shaft, including the muscles that insert distally to form the quadriceps femoris tendon. It details the nerve supply, primarily from the femoral nerve, and the action of extending the leg at the knee joint. Test your knowledge on important anatomical structures and their functions.