Anatomy of the Digestive System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the uvula in the oral cavity?

  • To separate the nasal and oral cavities (correct)
  • To aid in the mechanical digestion of food
  • To form the soft palate
  • To move food around the mouth during mastication

What type of muscle is the tongue composed of?

  • Voluntary muscle (correct)
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

What type of muscle is found in the mouth, pharynx, and upper 2/3 of the oesophagus?

  • Voluntary skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Involuntary skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle

Which nerve is responsible for controlling the secretion of saliva?

<p>Autonomic nervous system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of muscle fibers in the outer layer of smooth muscle?

<p>Longitudinal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hard palate in the oral cavity?

<p>To form the roof of the oral cavity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myenteric plexus?

<p>To supply the adjacent smooth muscle and blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of moving food around the mouth during mastication?

<p>Mastication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rhythmical contraction of smooth muscle?

<p>Peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the passage that connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus?

<p>Pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

<p>To send signals to the inner lining and its glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the deepest layer of the mucosa?

<p>Thin layer of smooth muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is the pharynx lined with?

<p>Skeletal muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve supplies the voluntary muscle of the tongue?

<p>Hypoglossal nerve (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the upper oesophageal sphincter?

<p>To prevent air from entering the oesophagus during inspiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What part of the pharynx is responsible for respiration?

<p>Nasopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the oesophagus?

<p>20 - 40cm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerves are responsible for the sensation of taste?

<p>Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lower oesophageal sphincter before a peristaltic wave?

<p>It opens to let the food pass into the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the stomach's attachment to the diaphragm?

<p>To prevent acid reflux (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the mucus coating on the oesophageal walls?

<p>To facilitate the movement of food down the oesophagus during swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the gastric phase of digestion?

<p>To promote gastric secretion and motility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pylorus region of the stomach?

<p>To act as a gate or guard for the stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated capacity of the stomach?

<p>Up to 4 litres at one time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the oesophagus from the stomach?

<p>Oesophageal sphincter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter?

<p>To separate the stomach from the duodenum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the action of HCl on salivary amylase?

<p>It breaks down the structure and function of the enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the production of HCl?

<p>It facilitates the rapid conversion of carbonic acid into bicarbonate ions and protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the swap mechanism in the production of HCl?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of ions between the blood and the parietal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is hydrochloric acid produced in the body?

<p>In the stomach, by parietal cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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