Anatomy of the Digestive System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the uvula in the oral cavity?

  • To separate the nasal and oral cavities (correct)
  • To aid in the mechanical digestion of food
  • To form the soft palate
  • To move food around the mouth during mastication

    • What type of muscle is the tongue composed of?

  • Voluntary muscle (correct)
  • Smooth muscle
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle

    • What type of muscle is found in the mouth, pharynx, and upper 2/3 of the oesophagus?

  • Voluntary skeletal muscle (correct)
  • Involuntary skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle

    • Which nerve is responsible for controlling the secretion of saliva?

    <p>Autonomic nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the arrangement of muscle fibers in the outer layer of smooth muscle?

    <p>Longitudinal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the hard palate in the oral cavity?

    <p>To form the roof of the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the myenteric plexus?

    <p>To supply the adjacent smooth muscle and blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of moving food around the mouth during mastication?

    <p>Mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rhythmical contraction of smooth muscle?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the passage that connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus?

    <p>Pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submucosal plexus?

    <p>To send signals to the inner lining and its glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deepest layer of the mucosa?

    <p>Thin layer of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is the pharynx lined with?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerve supplies the voluntary muscle of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the upper oesophageal sphincter?

    <p>To prevent air from entering the oesophagus during inspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What part of the pharynx is responsible for respiration?

    <p>Nasopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the oesophagus?

    <p>20 - 40cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nerves are responsible for the sensation of taste?

    <p>Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lower oesophageal sphincter before a peristaltic wave?

    <p>It opens to let the food pass into the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the stomach's attachment to the diaphragm?

    <p>To prevent acid reflux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the mucus coating on the oesophageal walls?

    <p>To facilitate the movement of food down the oesophagus during swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gastric phase of digestion?

    <p>To promote gastric secretion and motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pylorus region of the stomach?

    <p>To act as a gate or guard for the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the estimated capacity of the stomach?

    <p>Up to 4 litres at one time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates the oesophagus from the stomach?

    <p>Oesophageal sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter?

    <p>To separate the stomach from the duodenum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the action of HCl on salivary amylase?

    <p>It breaks down the structure and function of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the production of HCl?

    <p>It facilitates the rapid conversion of carbonic acid into bicarbonate ions and protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the swap mechanism in the production of HCl?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of ions between the blood and the parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is hydrochloric acid produced in the body?

    <p>In the stomach, by parietal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

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