30 Questions
What is the primary function of the uvula in the oral cavity?
To separate the nasal and oral cavities
What type of muscle is the tongue composed of?
Voluntary muscle
What type of muscle is found in the mouth, pharynx, and upper 2/3 of the oesophagus?
Voluntary skeletal muscle
Which nerve is responsible for controlling the secretion of saliva?
Autonomic nervous system
What is the arrangement of muscle fibers in the outer layer of smooth muscle?
Longitudinal
What is the function of the hard palate in the oral cavity?
To form the roof of the oral cavity
What is the function of the myenteric plexus?
To supply the adjacent smooth muscle and blood vessels
What is the term for the process of moving food around the mouth during mastication?
Mastication
What is the term for the rhythmical contraction of smooth muscle?
Peristalsis
What is the name of the passage that connects the oral cavity to the oesophagus?
Pharynx
What is the function of the submucosal plexus?
To send signals to the inner lining and its glands
What is the deepest layer of the mucosa?
Thin layer of smooth muscle
What type of muscle is the pharynx lined with?
Skeletal muscle
What nerve supplies the voluntary muscle of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve
What is the function of the upper oesophageal sphincter?
To prevent air from entering the oesophagus during inspiration
What part of the pharynx is responsible for respiration?
Nasopharynx
What is the length of the oesophagus?
20 - 40cm
What nerves are responsible for the sensation of taste?
Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves
What happens to the lower oesophageal sphincter before a peristaltic wave?
It opens to let the food pass into the stomach
What is the main function of the stomach's attachment to the diaphragm?
To prevent acid reflux
What is the purpose of the mucus coating on the oesophageal walls?
To facilitate the movement of food down the oesophagus during swallowing
What is the main function of the gastric phase of digestion?
To promote gastric secretion and motility
What is the function of the pylorus region of the stomach?
To act as a gate or guard for the stomach
What is the estimated capacity of the stomach?
Up to 4 litres at one time
What separates the oesophagus from the stomach?
Oesophageal sphincter
What is the purpose of the pyloric sphincter?
To separate the stomach from the duodenum
What is the result of the action of HCl on salivary amylase?
It breaks down the structure and function of the enzyme
What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the production of HCl?
It facilitates the rapid conversion of carbonic acid into bicarbonate ions and protons
What is the purpose of the swap mechanism in the production of HCl?
To facilitate the exchange of ions between the blood and the parietal cells
Where is hydrochloric acid produced in the body?
In the stomach, by parietal cells
This quiz covers the structure and composition of the muscles in the digestive system, including voluntary and involuntary muscle layers, blood vessels, and nerve plexuses. Test your knowledge of the anatomy of the digestive system. Learn about the different muscle fibres and their arrangements. Explore the role of the myenteric plexus in supplying the smooth muscle and blood vessels.
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