Anatomy of the Bladder

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What is the approximate capacity of the bladder in terms of holding urine?

1000 milliliters

750 milliliters

250 milliliters

500 milliliters (correct)

Where is the bladder located in children before puberty?

In the lesser pelvis

In the subperitoneum

In the pelvic diaphragm

In the abdomen (correct)

What is the name of the structure that supports the bladder inferiorly?

Bladder neck

Pelvic diaphragm (correct)

Pubic symphysis

Endopelvic fascia

What is the posterior relation of the bladder in females?

Vagina (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the part of the bladder that points towards the abdominal wall?

Apex (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the bladder covered by superiorly and posteriorly?

Peritoneum (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the bladder?

To store and secrete urine (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the bladder control the release of urine?

Through the simultaneous stimulation of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincters (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the bladder during embryonic development?

From the mesoderm and endoderm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What develops from the anterior portion of the allantois?

The urachus (D) Signup and view all the answers

What connects to the posterior bladder wall and forms a part of the trigone?

The mesonephric ducts (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the blood supply to the bladder?

The internal iliac arteries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the parasympathetic fibers that innervate the bladder?

Sacral spinal nerves (S2-S4) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides voluntary somatic control to the striated muscles of the external urethral sphincter?

Pudendal nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mechanoreceptors in the bladder wall?

To respond to the stretch of the muscle with distension (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which vessels drain the bladder?

Vesical venous plexus that empties into the internal iliac vein (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the sympathetic control of the bladder?

Thoracic and upper lumbar spinal levels (T10-L2) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the neurons that give rise to the pudendal nerve?

Onuf's nucleus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of osmosis diuretics like Mannitol?

Increase urinary output via osmosis. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the indication of osmotic diuretics like Mannitol in neurological conditions?

To decrease intracranial pressure. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the contraindication of osmotic diuretics like Mannitol?

Heart failure and renal failure. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on the reabsorption of HCO3?

Inhibit the reabsorption of HCO3. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinical use of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in glaucoma?

To prevent the absorption of HCO3 from the blood. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors on potassium secretion?

Increase potassium secretion. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of acidosis on seizures in patients with epilepsy?

A decrease in seizures (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics in the thick ascending loop of Henle?

Inhibition of the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the body's compensatory mechanism in response to loop diuretics and thiazides?

Hypokalemia and alkalosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of NSAIDs on the action of loop diuretics?

They inhibit the action of loop diuretics (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of loop diuretics that makes them effective?

They act on the thick ascending loop of Henle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of acetazolamide related to its effect on urinary pH?

Alkaline urine (D) Signup and view all the answers