Anatomy of Pancreas and Bile Duct

Questions and Answers

What is the direction of the long axis of the spleen?

Parallel with the 9, 10, 11 ribs (correct)

Parallel with the 6, 7, 8 ribs

Parallel with the 12th rib

Perpendicular with the 9, 10, 11 ribs

What is the function of the sphincter of Oddi?

To control the flow of pancreatic juice into the duodenum

To control the flow of blood into the spleen

To control the flow of bile into the duodenum (correct)

To control the flow of insulin into the bloodstream

What is the location of the pancreas?

In the left hypochondrium

Behind the stomach, extending from the duodenum to the spleen (correct)

In the peritoneal cavity

In the right hypochondrium

What is the function of the pancreatic juice?

To aid in digestion in the duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the inferior border of the spleen?

It is smooth and rounded Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of the posterior end of the spleen?

Upwards, backwards, and medially Signup and view all the answers

What is the length of the portal vein?

7.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the portal vein?

To convey blood from the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder to the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the duodenum?

25 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Peyer's patches in the ileum?

Prevention of bacterial invasion Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the small intestine?

7 meters Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine receives the bile duct and pancreatic duct?

Second part of duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which structure forms a c-shaped curve around the head of pancreas?

Duodenum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the small intestine is concerned with completion of digestion and absorption of the digested food?

Entire small intestine Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the large intestine?

1.5 meters Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lesser sac cavity?

Distension of the stomach Signup and view all the answers

What is the dual function of the pancreas?

Endocrine and exocrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the small islets of cells in the pancreas that release hormones into the bloodstream?

Islets of Langerhans Signup and view all the answers

Through which structure do the endocrine cells of the pancreas release their hormones?

Bloodstream Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the exocrine secretion of the pancreas?

Digestion of proteins and fats Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas that raises blood sugar levels?

Glucagon Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of cells that produce insulin and glucagon in the pancreas?

Endocrine cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the pancreatic duct involved in?

Release of digestive enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pancreatic juice released into the duodenum?

Digestion of proteins and fats Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pancreas

Located transversely across the posterior abdominal wall behind the stomach
Extends from the duodenum to the spleen
Secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum
Has an endocrine function, secreting insulin directly into the bloodstream
Parts include head, neck, body, and tail

Spleen

Soft organ and largest single mass of lymphoid tissue in the body
Located in the left hypochondrium
Long axis is parallel with the lower 9, 10, and 11 ribs
Has two surfaces: diaphragmatic surface (smooth and convex) and visceral surface (directed towards the abdominal cavity)
Has two borders: superior border (characterized by notches) and inferior border (smooth and rounded)
Has two ends: posterior end (directed upwards, backwards, and medially) and anterior end (directed downwards, forwards, and laterally)

Portal Circulation

Formed by the veins that carry blood from the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, spleen, pancreas, and gall bladder
Blood is conveyed to the portal vein, which ascends to the porta hepatis and divides into right and left branches
Each branch passes to the corresponding lobe of the liver, where it branches until it opens into the liver sinusoids
Blood is then conveyed to the inferior vena cava by four hepatic veins

Stomach and Small Intestine

Stomach is surrounded by peritoneum and has a stomach bed separated from the stomach by a peritoneal sac called the lesser sac cavity
Small intestine is concerned with completion of digestion and absorption of digested food
Divided into duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
Duodenum is the shortest and widest part of small intestine, forming a C-shaped curve around the head of pancreas
Jejunum and ileum are about 5 to 6 meters in length, extending from the duodeno-jejunal junction to the ileo-cecal junction

Large Intestine

About 1.5 meters long, beginning at the end of the ileum and terminating at the anal orifice
Divided into caecum, vermiform appendix, ascending colon, right colic flexure, transverse colon, left colic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anal canal

Endocrine Glands

Thyroid gland lies in front of the neck, secreting thyroid hormone (thyroxin) which stimulates metabolism of the body
Parathyroid glands regulate the relative amounts of calcium in the blood and in the bones
Thymus gland lies behind the manubrium sterni, active during neonatal and pre-adolescent periods, but atrophies by early teens
Suprarenal (Adrenal) glands lie on top of each kidney, producing hormones that regulate water and electrolyte balance
Pancreas has both an exocrine and endocrine function, producing insulin and glucagon through islets of Langerhans

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Description

This quiz covers the structure and functions of the pancreas, bile duct, and related glands. It includes the parts of the pancreas, sphincter of Oddi, and the role of pancreatic juice and insulin.