Anatomy of Maxillary Arteries

Questions and Answers

What structure does the maxillaris artery supply after entering the cranial cavity?

Lower teeth

Dura mater (correct)

Soft palate

Tympanic cavity

Which branches are supplied by the inferior alveolar artery?

Skin of the chin and mylohyoideus muscle (correct)

Muscles of mastication

Gums and molar teeth (correct)

Maxillary sinus

Where does the maxillaris artery branch into the alveolares superiores posteriores?

Canal palatinus major

Foramen sphenopalatinum

Fossa pterygopalatina (correct)

Fossa infratemporalis

Which artery supplies the anterior region of the face?

Infraorbital artery Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the gums and hard palate?

Palatina descendens Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for the supply of the nasal cavity's posterior part?

A. sphenopalatina Signup and view all the answers

The artery that supplies the pterygoid muscles is called?

Pterygoideus artery Signup and view all the answers

Through which canal does the canalis pterygoidei course?

Canalis pterygoideus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the A.testicularis?

Supplies the middle third of the ureter Signup and view all the answers

At what vertebral level does the A.iliaca communis originate?

4th lumbar vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What arteries does the A.iliaca communis divide into?

A.iliaca interna and A.iliaca externa Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the lower surface of the diaphragm?

Aa.phrenicae inferiores Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the A.ovarica within the female anatomy?

It runs behind the peritoneum Signup and view all the answers

Which artery gives off rr.tubarii to supply tuba uterina?

A.ovarica Signup and view all the answers

What does the A.epigastrica inferior supply?

Muscles of the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

Which side branch of the A.iliaca externa communicates with A.iliolumbalis?

A.circumflexa ilium profunda Signup and view all the answers

What are the terminal branches of the artery that divides at the 1st intermetatarsal space?

A.metatarsalis dorsalis and A.plantaris profunda Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries supply the dorsal surface of the 1st and half of the 2nd toes?

Aa.digitales dorsales Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the A.tibialis posterior artery?

It supplies the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. Signup and view all the answers

Which artery participates in the formation of the arcus plantaris pedis?

A.plantaris profunda Signup and view all the answers

Which artery crosses the dorsal surface of the foot and anastomoses with A.arcuata?

A.tarsalis lateralis Signup and view all the answers

What supplies the medial side of the foot and the muscles of the 1st toe on the plantar surface?

Aa.tarsales mediales Signup and view all the answers

Which artery forms the rete calcaneum and supplies the fibula?

A.fibularis Signup and view all the answers

At which location does the A.plantaris lateralis turn medially?

At the base of the 5th metatarsal bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical location of the confluens sinuum?

On the right side of the protuberantia occipitalis interna Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus is known to be the continuation of the sinus transversus?

Sinus sigmoideus Signup and view all the answers

Which sinus communicates directly with the confluens sinuum?

Sinus occipitalis Signup and view all the answers

What shape is the sinus rectus in cross-section?

Triangular Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a tributary to the sinus transversus?

vv.inferiores cerebri Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are located in the lateral wall of the sinus cavernosus?

n.abducens and n.ophthalmicus Signup and view all the answers

Where does the sinus petrosus inferior drain to?

v.jugularis interna Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the sinus cavernosus to the hypophysis cerebri?

Medial to it Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the rr.mammarii branches from the perforantes?

To supply blood to the glandula mammae Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying the larynx and pharynx?

A.thyroidea inferior Signup and view all the answers

What does the A.cervicalis ascendens primarily supply?

Lateral and deep neck muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which artery communicates with the a.circumflexa scapulae?

A.suprascapularis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the A.intercostalis suprema?

Supply muscles of the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces Signup and view all the answers

What does the truncus costocervicalis primarily divide into?

A.intercostalis suprema and A.cervicalis profunda Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is supplied by the A.cervicalis superficialis?

Muscle trapezius Signup and view all the answers

Where does the A.thyroidea inferior primarily supply blood?

Thyroid gland Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Maxillaris Artery Supply

Ascends through foramen spinosum, supplying dura mater in cranium and calvaria.
Sends small branch, a.tympanica superior, into tympanic cavity via hiatus canalis nervi petrosi minoris.

Inferior Alveolar Artery

Passes through canalis mandibulae with n.alveolaris inferior, emerges at foramen mentale as r.mentalis to supply chin skin and muscles.
Side branches include:
- rr.dentales for lower teeth
- rr.peridentales for gums
- r.mylohyoideus for m.mylohyoideus and anterior venter of m.digastrici.

Pathway and Branches of Maxillaris

Travels through fossa infratemporalis between m.pterygoideus medialis and lateralis.
- Branches include:
  - A.masseterica for m.masseter
  - Aa.temporales profundae for m.temporalis
  - Rr.pterygoidei for mm.pterygoidei
  - A.buccalis for m.buccinator.

Branches in Pterygopalatine Fossa

Aa.alveolares superiores posteriores return to fossa infratemporalis, supplying upper molars, premolars, gums, and maxillary sinus.
A.infraorbitalis supplies anterior facial region; contains side branches for upper incisors and canine teeth.
A.palatina descendens supplies gums, soft/hard palate.
A.canalis pterygoidei supplies auditory tube and nasopharynx.
A.sphenopalatina supplies nasal cavity's posterior part and sphenoid sinus mucosa.

Truncus Thyrocervicalis

Short trunk (1-3 cm) from subclavian artery, branches into:
- A.thyroidea inferior supplies thyroid and gives off laryngea inferior for larynx.
- A.cervicalis ascendens supplies neck muscles and spinal cord through rr.spinales.
- A.suprascapularis supplies scapula's muscles and communicates with a.circumflexa scapulae.
- A.transversa colli divides into superficial (supplies trapezius) and deep branches (supplies rhomboidei mm).

Costocervical Truncus

Divides into:
- A.cervicalis profunda for deep neck/back muscles.
- A.intercostalis suprema for upper intercostal spaces.

Testicular and Ovarian Arteries

A.testicularis supplies testis and epididymis with rr.ureterici to ureter.
A.ovarica arises from aorta at lumbar level, supplies ovary and associates with r.ovaricus from a.uterina.

Parietal Branches of Abdominal Aorta

Aa.phrenicae inferiores supply diaphragm and superior suprarenal gland.
Aa.lumbales (typically four) supply abdominal wall and give r.dorsalis for back muscles and spinal cord.

Terminal Branches of Abdominal Aorta

A.iliaca communis, approximately 5 cm long, branches into a.iliaca externa and a.iliaca interna at sacroiliac joint.

Iliaca Externa

Runs forward to become a.femoralis, supplying abdominal and pelvic muscles.
Side branches include:
- A.circumflexa ilium profunda for abdominal and pelvic girdle musculation.
- A.epigastrica inferior supplies anterior abdominal wall and communicates with a.epigastrica superior.

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Divides into terminal branches at 1st intermetatarsal space:
- A.metatarsalis dorsalis prima supplies dorsal toes.
- A.plantaris profunda forms arcus plantaris pedis for foot's plantar side.

Tibialis Posterior Artery

Terminal branch of a.poplitea, supplies posterior leg muscles and divides into a.plantaris medialis and lateralis.
Side branches include:
- R.circumflexus fibularis participates in knee joint vascularization.
- A.nutritia tibiae supplies tibia.

Major Venous Sinuses

Posterior end of sinus sagittalis superior forms confluens sinuum, connects to sinus occipitalis and sinus transversus.
Sinus rectus lies between falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli, draining into sinus transversus.
Sinus sigmoideus transfers to internal jugular vein.
Sinus cavernosus contains critical vessels and nerves, relates to hypophysis cerebri and surrounding structures.

Additional Venous Structures

Sinus intercavernosus connects bilateral sinuses; sinus sphenoparietalis receives small tributaries.
Superior petrosal sinus drains sinus cavernosus to sinus transversus; inferior petrosal sinus drains to internal jugular vein.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the anatomy and functions of the maxillary arteries, particularly how they enter the cranial cavity and their role in supplying various regions, including the dura mater and the chin. Test your knowledge on the branches and pathways of these important arteries.