Upper Limb Arteries

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Questions and Answers

Which artery is considered the main artery of the arm?

  • Subclavian artery
  • Radial artery
  • Axillary artery
  • Brachial artery (correct)

What are the three parts of the axillary artery divided by?

  • Subclavian vein
  • Brachial plexus
  • Pectoralis minor muscle (correct)
  • Teres major muscle

At which anatomical landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

  • Inferior margin of the subclavius
  • Lateral margin of the first rib
  • Cubital fossa
  • Inferior margin of the teres major (correct)

Which of the following arteries is a branch of the second part of the axillary artery?

<p>Lateral thoracic artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship of the brachial artery to the median nerve?

<p>The median nerve crosses the brachial artery anteriorly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the ulnar artery arise as a terminal branch?

<p>In the cubital fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area is NOT supplied by the axillary artery?

<p>Forearm flexors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery does the brachial artery terminate into?

<p>Radial artery and ulnar artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Axillary artery

Major blood supply to upper limb, begins at first rib.

Brachial artery

Continuation of the axillary artery in the arm.

Subclavian artery

Artery beneath the clavicle, gives rise to axillary artery.

Cephalic vein

Tributary of axillary vein, crosses first part of axillary artery.

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Thoracoacromial artery

Branches from the second part of the axillary artery, supplies chest and shoulder.

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Ulnar artery

Terminal branch of brachial artery, supplies forearm and hand.

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Profunda brachii artery

Branch of the brachial artery, supplies the posterior arm.

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Superficial palmar arch

Created by ulnar artery in the hand, supplies palm.

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Axillary artery parts

Divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle.

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Areas supplied by axillary artery

Supplies pectoral muscles, thoracic wall, and breast.

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Brachial artery location

Continuation of the axillary artery in the arm, palpable throughout.

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Brachial artery branches

Includes profunda brachii, humeral nutrient, and ulnar collateral arteries.

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Ulnar artery path

Arises in cubital fossa; travels inferiorly and medially in forearm.

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Thoracoacromial artery supply

Branches from the axillary artery, supplying chest and shoulder areas.

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Lateral thoracic artery

Branch of the axillary artery, supplies lateral chest wall.

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Scapular artery source

Subscapular artery branches from the third part of the axillary artery.

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Study Notes

Arteries of the Upper Limb

  • The axillary artery supplies the walls of the axilla and upper limb.
  • It begins as a continuation of the subclavian artery.
  • It passes through the axilla and becomes the brachial artery at the inferior margin of the teres major muscle.
  • The axillary artery has three parts, separated by the pectoralis minor muscle.
  • The first part is proximal to pectoralis minor, the second part is posterior to pectoralis minor, and the third part is distal to pectoralis minor.

Branches of the Axillary Artery

  • Superior thoracic artery (1st part)
  • Thoracoacromial artery (2nd part)
    • Lateral thoracic artery (2nd part)
  • Subscapular artery (3rd part)
    • Anterior circumflex humeral artery (3rd part)
    • Posterior circumflex humeral artery (3rd part)

Brachial Artery

  • The brachial artery is the main artery of the arm.
  • It's a continuation of the axillary artery at the lower border of the teres major muscle.
  • The brachial artery is relatively superficial and palpable throughout its course.
  • It terminates at the level of the neck of the radius, dividing into the radial and ulnar arteries.

Branches of the Brachial Artery

  • Profunda brachii artery
  • Humeral nutrient artery
  • Supratrochlear artery
  • Superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries
  • Numerous unnamed muscular branches

Ulnar Artery

  • The ulnar artery arises from the brachial artery in the cubital fossa.
  • It passes inferomedially and then inferiorly, below pronator teres.
  • It passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum at the wrist in the Guyon canal to enter the hand.

Branches of the Ulnar Artery

  • Anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent arteries
  • Common interosseous artery
  • Palmar and dorsal carpal branches

Radial Artery

  • The radial artery's pulsations can be felt throughout the forearm.
  • It runs on the brachioradialis muscle until it reaches the distal part of the forearm.
  • Its course is represented by a line connecting the midpoint of the cubital fossa to a point just medial to the radial styloid process.

Branches of the Radial Artery

  • Radial recurrent artery
  • Palmar and dorsal carpal branches
  • Several unnamed muscular branches

Applied Anatomy (Clinical Relevance)

  • The arterial supply to the upper limb is vulnerable to trauma in areas where it's fixed or subcutaneous.
  • Anterior dislocation of the humeral head can compress the axillary artery, leading to vessel occlusion.
  • The radial pulse is commonly used for arterial cannulation, blood pressure monitoring, and arterial blood sampling

Veins of the Upper Limb

  • The axillary vein accompanies the axillary artery.
  • It lies anteromedial to the artery.
  • The first part of the axillary artery crosses two tributaries of the axillary vein (cephalic and thoracoacromial veins).
  • The first and second parts of the axillary artery are connected to the cords of the brachial plexus, and the third part to its branches.
  • Superficial veins include the cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and median vein of the forearm

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