Axillary artery and brachial plexus
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Questions and Answers

Match the following branches of the axillary artery with their descriptions:

Thoraco-acromial = Runs anteromedially along superior border of pectoralis minor; then passes between it and pectoralis major to thoracic wall; helps supply 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior Lateral thoracic = Descends along axillary border of pectoralis minor; follows it onto thoracic wall, supplying lateral aspect of breast Circumflex humeral = Encircle surgical neck of humerus, anastomosing with each other laterally; larger posterior branch traverses quadrangular space Subscapular = Curls around superomedial border of pectoralis minor; pierces costo-coracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia); divides into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular

Match the following branches of the axillary artery with their courses:

Thoraco-acromial = Curls around superomedial border of pectoralis minor; pierces costo-coracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia); divides into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular Lateral thoracic = Runs anteromedially along superior border of pectoralis minor; then passes between it and pectoralis major to thoracic wall; helps supply 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior Circumflex humeral = Descends along axillary border of pectoralis minor; follows it onto thoracic wall, supplying lateral aspect of breast Subscapular = Encircle surgical neck of humerus, anastomosing with each other laterally; larger posterior branch traverses quadrangular space

Match the following branches of the axillary artery with their actions:

Thoraco-acromial = Helps supply 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior Lateral thoracic = Supplies lateral aspect of breast Circumflex humeral = Anastomoses with each other laterally; larger posterior branch traverses quadrangular space Subscapular = Pierces costo-coracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia)

What is the primary function of the thoraco-acromial artery?

<p>Helping to supply the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery is responsible for encircling the surgical neck of the humerus?

<p>Circumflex humeral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery is the largest branch of any part?

<p>Subscapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the circumflex scapular artery?

<p>It curves around the lateral border of the scapula to enter the infraspinous fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery helps to supply the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces?

<p>Thoraco-acromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the thoracodorsal artery and the subscapular artery?

<p>The thoracodorsal artery continues the course of the subscapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

The axillary artery gives rise to the profunda brachii artery in its third part.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lateral thoracic artery is the largest branch of any part of the axillary artery.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The circumflex humeral artery is a branch of the thoraco-acromial artery.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

The thoracodorsal artery is a branch of the subscapular artery.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The superior thoracic artery is the only branch of the first part of the axillary artery.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inferior ulnar collateral artery is a branch of the brachial artery.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery divides into four branches, including the pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular branches?

<p>Thoraco-acromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery runs anteromedially along the superior border of the pectoralis minor?

<p>Thoraco-acromial artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery anastomoses with the suprascapular artery?

<p>Circumflex scapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery follows the lateral border of the scapula?

<p>Thoracodorsal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery is responsible for supplying the lateral aspect of the breast?

<p>Lateral thoracic artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of the axillary artery is the continuation of the subscapular artery?

<p>Thoracodorsal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches of the axillary artery with their descriptions:

<p>Superior thoracic = Runs anteromedially along superior border of pectoralis minor; then passes between it and pectoralis major to thoracic wall; helps supply 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces and superior part of serratus anterior Thoraco-acromial = Curls around superomedial border of pectoralis minor; pierces costo-coracoid membrane (clavipectoral fascia); divides into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular Lateral thoracic = Descends along axillary border of pectoralis minor; follows it onto thoracic wall, supplying lateral aspect of breast Circumflex humeral = Curves around lateral border of scapula to enter infraspinous fossa, anastomosing with suprascapular artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following branches of the axillary artery with their courses:

<p>Subscapular = Descends from level of inferior border of subscapularis along lateral border of scapula, dividing within 2-3 cm into terminal branches, the circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries Thoracodorsal = Continues course of subscapular artery, descending along lateral border of scapula Axillary = Runs along axillary border of pectoralis minor; then passes between it and pectoralis major to thoracic wall Brachial = Near its origin, superior to medial epicondyle of humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the branches of the axillary artery with their characteristics:

<p>Superior thoracic = Only branch of the first part of the axillary artery Thoraco-acromial = Divides into four branches: pectoral, deltoid, acromial, and clavicular Lateral thoracic = Largest branch of any part of the axillary artery Subscapular = Gives rise to circumflex scapular and thoracodorsal arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their course:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Pierces middle scalene; descends deep to levator scapulae and rhomboids Long thoracic = Passes through cervico-axillary canal, descending posterior to C8 and T1 roots of plexus Suprascapular = Descends posterior to clavicle and anterior to brachial plexus and subclavian artery Subclavian nerve = Passes laterally across lateral cervical region, superior to brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with the structures they innervate:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Serratus anterior Long thoracic = Rhomboids; occasionally supplies levator scapulae Suprascapular = Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles; glenohumeral joint Subclavian nerve = Subclavius and sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their origin:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Superior trunk, receiving fibers from C5, C6, and often C4 Long thoracic = Posterior aspect of anterior rami of C5, C6, C7 Suprascapular = Posterior aspect of anterior ramus of C5 with a frequent contribution from C4 Subclavian nerve = Superior trunk, receiving fibers from C5, C6, and often C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their pathway:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Passes through scapular notch inferior to superior transverse scapular ligament Long thoracic = Runs inferiorly on superficial surface of serratus anterior Suprascapular = Pierces middle scalene; descends deep to levator scapulae and rhomboids Subclavian nerve = Passes laterally across lateral cervical region, superior to brachial plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their relationships:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Gives an accessory root to phrenic nerve Long thoracic = Runs inferiorly on superficial surface of serratus anterior Suprascapular = Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles Subclavian nerve = Innervates subclavius and sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their actions:

<p>Dorsal scapular = Innervates rhomboids; occasionally supplies levator scapulae Long thoracic = Innervates serratus anterior Suprascapular = Innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles; glenohumeral joint Subclavian nerve = Innervates subclavius and sternoclavicular joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nerve that originates from the posterior aspect of the anterior ramus of C5 with a frequent contribution from C4?

<p>Dorsal scapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve passes through the cervico-axillary canal and descends posterior to C8 and T1 roots of the plexus?

<p>Long thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle?

<p>Long thoracic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve passes laterally across the lateral cervical region and then through the scapular notch?

<p>Suprascapular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the subclavius and sternoclavicular joint?

<p>Subclavian nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve has an accessory root that innervates the diaphragm?

<p>Subclavian nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their origin:

<p>Lateral pectoral = Side branch of lateral cord, receiving fibers from C5, C6, and C7 Medial pectoral = Side branch of medial cord, receiving fibers from C8 and T1 Musculocutaneous = Terminal branch of lateral cord, receiving fibers from C5-C7 Axillary = Side branch of posterior cord, receiving fibers from C5</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their pathway:

<p>Musculocutaneous = Exits axilla by piercing coracobrachialis and descends between biceps brachii and brachialis Median = Descends through arm adjacent to brachial artery, with nerve gradually crossing anterior to artery to lie medial to artery in cubital fossa Lateral pectoral = Pierces costocoracoid membrane to reach deep surface of pectoral muscles Axillary = Courses through the quadrangular space bounded by the humerus, long head of triceps, and teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their relationships:

<p>Medial pectoral = A communicating branch to the lateral pectoral nerve passes anterior to axillary artery and vein Median = Lateral and medial roots merge to form median nerve lateral to axillary artery Musculocutaneous = Supplies both biceps brachii and brachialis Axillary = Courses with the circumflex humeral artery through the quadrangular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their actions:

<p>Musculocutaneous = Supplies both biceps brachii and brachialis Median = Supplies the thenar muscles and receives sensory input from the hand Lateral pectoral = Innervates the pectoralis major muscle Axillary = Innervates the deltoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their characteristics:

<p>Ulnar = Larger terminal branch of medial cord, receiving fibers from C8, T1, and often C7 Radial = Larger terminal branch of posterior cord, receiving fibers from C5-T1 Median = Lateral root is a terminal branch of lateral cord (C6, C7), and medial root is a terminal branch of medial cord (C8, T1) Axillary = Side branch of posterior cord, receiving fibers from C5 and C6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerve branches with their courses:

<p>Median = Descends through arm adjacent to brachial artery, with nerve gradually crossing anterior to artery to lie medial to artery in cubital fossa Ulnar = Courses medially between the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the medial head of the triceps Radial = Courses laterally between the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and the lateral head of the triceps Axillary = Courses through the quadrangular space bounded by the humerus, long head of triceps, and teres minor</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their primary structures innervated:

<p>Medial pectoral nerve = Pectoralis minor and sternocostal part of pectoralis major Lateral pectoral nerve = Muscles of anterior compartment of arm and skin of lateral aspect of forearm Intercostobrachial nerve = Skin of medial side of arm and olecranon of ulna Medial brachial cutaneous nerve = Skin of medial side of forearm and wrist</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their courses:

<p>Ulnar nerve = Initially runs with medial brachial cutaneous nerve but pierces deep fascia with basilic vein Medial pectoral nerve = Passes between axillary artery and vein; then pierces pectoralis minor and enters deep surface of pectoralis major Lateral pectoral nerve = Descends medial arm; passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve = Exits axillary fossa posteriorly, passing through quadrangular space with posterior circumflex humeral artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their relationships:

<p>Lateral pectoral nerve = Initially runs with ulnar nerve Medial pectoral nerve = Communicates with intercostobrachial nerve Ulnar nerve = Pierces deep fascia with basilic vein Radial nerve = Gives rise to superior lateral brachial cutaneous nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their destinations:

<p>Medial brachial cutaneous nerve = Cubital fossa Ulnar nerve = Ulnar aspect of forearm and hand Radial nerve = Posterior and inferolateral arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of hand Lateral pectoral nerve = Anterior compartment of arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their targets:

<p>Lateral pectoral nerve = Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis Medial pectoral nerve = Pectoralis major and minor Radial nerve = Flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus Ulnar nerve = Most intrinsic muscles of hand and skin of hand medial to axial line of digit 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nerves with their pathways:

<p>Lateral pectoral nerve = Pierces deep surface of pectoralis major Medial pectoral nerve = Passes posterior to medial epicondyle of humerus Ulnar nerve = Runs along medial side of axillary and brachial veins Radial nerve = Perforates lateral intermuscular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle innervated by the nerve that passes posteriorly, entering subscapularis directly?

<p>Subscapularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus?

<p>Ulnar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway of the nerve that exits axillary fossa posterior to axillary artery, and then passes posterior to humerus in radial groove?

<p>Posterior to humerus in radial groove</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the skin of the medial side of the arm, as far distal as medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon of ulna?

<p>Medial cutaneous nerve of the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the nerve that runs along medial side of axillary and brachial veins and the intercostobrachial nerve?

<p>They communicate with each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for innervating the pectoralis major muscle?

<p>Medial pectoral nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the lateral root of the median nerve?

<p>Terminal branch of lateral cord (C6, C7)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve?

<p>Exits axilla by piercing coracobrachialis and descends between biceps brachii and brachialis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the medial and lateral roots of the median nerve?

<p>The medial root is a terminal branch of the medial cord, and the lateral root is a terminal branch of the lateral cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the medial root of the median nerve?

<p>Terminal branch of medial cord (C8, T1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the course of the median nerve?

<p>Descends through arm adjacent to brachial artery, with nerve gradually crossing anterior to artery to lie medial to artery in cubital fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the lateral and medial roots of the median nerve?

<p>The lateral and medial roots merge to form the median nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

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