Anatomy of Lymphatics in Face
40 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the name of the center that helps to keep the apneustic center in check?

  • Apneustic center
  • Pneumotaxic center (correct)
  • Ventral respiratory group
  • Dorsal respiratory group

    • What is the effect of increased alveolar ventilation rate on the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveoli?

  • Cannot be determined
  • Remains the same
  • Increases
  • Decreases (correct)

    • What is the term for breathing of increased volume of ventilation for a long period?

  • Hyperventilation
  • Isocapnic exercise (correct)
  • Hyperpnea
  • Dyspnea

    • What is the ideal ventilation-perfusion ratio in the lungs?

    <p>0.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of histamine on pulmonary blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the pneumotaxic center?

    <p>Regulation of blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of inspired air that enters the gas-exchange areas of the lungs per minute?

    <p>Alveolar ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the mismatch of ventilation-perfusion ratio most pronounced?

    <p>Both apex and base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands are located underneath the eyelid?

    <p>Krause's glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nodes receive afferents from the centre of the forehead?

    <p>Submandibular nodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Killian's dehiscence located?

    <p>Cricopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the thyropharyngeous part of the inferior constrictor muscle?

    <p>It has oblique fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contained in the fossa incudis?

    <p>Short process of incus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the long process of incus and the head of stapes?

    <p>The long process of incus is attached to the head of stapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the footplate of stapes?

    <p>Oval window</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the submandibular nodes?

    <p>They receive afferents from various areas of the head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the enteric nervous system?

    <p>Myenteric plexus and Meissner's plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the parasympathetic stimulation on the GI tract?

    <p>Enhance motility and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are Hassall's corpuscles found?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the papillary ducts in the kidney?

    <p>Receive renal filtrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gland is the breast?

    <p>Modified sweat gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between the enteric nervous system and extrinsic nerves?

    <p>Extrinsic nerves modify the activity of the enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sympathetic stimulation on the GI tract?

    <p>Inhibit motility and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Hassall's corpuscles?

    <p>Have a eosinophilic core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve carries preganglionic secretomotor fibers to submandibular and sublingual glands?

    <p>Chorda tympani nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerves unite to form the Vidian nerve?

    <p>Greater petrosal nerve and deep petrosal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is Woodruff's area located in the nasal cavity?

    <p>Posteroinferior part of lateral nasal wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the middle ear contains the scutum?

    <p>Lateral wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the bony labyrinth?

    <p>Utricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve carries taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

    <p>Chorda tympani nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the chorda tympani nerve?

    <p>Carrying preganglionic secretomotor fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the sphenopalatine artery anastomosed with the posterior pharyngeal artery?

    <p>Woodruff's area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mannitol infusion on the body?

    <p>It increases osmolarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of velocity in blood vessels?

    <p>Aorta &gt; Vena cava &gt; Artery &gt; Vein &gt; Arteriole &gt; Venule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of infusion of hypotonic saline on the body?

    <p>It increases both ICF and ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of QRS axis in a normal heart?

    <p>-30 to +110°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Herring-Breuer reflex on the body?

    <p>It increases respiratory rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of mannitol infusion on intra-ocular tension?

    <p>It decreases intra-ocular tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a shift of water from ECF to ICF?

    <p>Decreased osmolality of both ICF and ECF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of the mean QRS vector in a normal heart?

    <p>-30 to +110°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anatomy

    • Krause's glands are accessory lacrimal glands located underneath the eyelid.
    • Submandibular nodes are located deep to the investing layer of deep cervical fascia in the submandibular triangle, between the deep fascia and submandibular gland.
    • These nodes receive afferents from the centre of the forehead, anterior part of the nasal cavity, frontal, maxillary, and ethmoidal air sinuses, inner canthus, whole of upper lip, and anterior part of the cheek.
    • Submandibular nodes also receive efferents of submental nodes and drain into upper and lower deep cervical nodes.

    Pharynx

    • Killian's dehiscence is a potential gap between the two parts of the inferior constrictor muscle, thyropharyngeous and cricopharyngeous, and is also known as the gateway to tear.
    • It is the site for herniation of pharyngeal mucosa in case of pharyngeal pouch.

    Middle Ear

    • Fossa incudis contains the short process of the incus.
    • Head of malleus is attached to epitympanum by the ligament of the head of malleus.
    • Long process of incus is attached to the head of the stapes.
    • Footplate of stapes lies over the oval window.

    Laryngeal Cartilage

    • Chorda tympani arises from the intratemporal part of the facial nerve and carries preganglionic secretomotor fibers to the submandibular and sublingual glands.
    • It joins the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa and carries taste sensations from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue.

    Nerve

    • Vidian nerve is formed by the union of the greater petrosal nerve and the deep petrosal nerve.

    Nasal Cavity

    • Woodruff's area is located on the posteriorinferior part of the lateral nasal wall, under the posterior end of the inferior turbinate.
    • Sphenopalatine artery anastomoses with the posterior pharyngeal artery in this area.

    Inner Ear

    • The inner ear consists of a membranous labyrinth enclosed in a bony labyrinth.
    • The bony labyrinth consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals.
    • The membranous labyrinth consists of the cochlear duct, utricle, saccules, three semicircular ducts, and the endolymphatic duct and sac.

    Lymphatic Drainage

    • Lymphatic drainage of the thyroid gland is mainly through the Meissner's plexus.

    Thymus

    • Hassall's corpuscles are found in the medulla of the thymus and are onion-like structures with an intensely eosinophilic core of dead material.

    Kidney

    • Ducts of Bellini are present in the kidney and are also known as papillary ducts.

    Breast

    • The breast is a modified sweat gland, specifically an apocrine type of sweat gland.

    Respiratory System

    • The respiratory rhythm is established in the medulla and can be spoilt by a strong inspiratory drive originating in the apneustic centers.
    • The pneumotaxic center of the upper pons and the influence from stretch receptors in the lung via the vagus inhibit inspiratory activity.

    Ventilation and Perfusion

    • Alveolar ventilation is the amount of inspired air entering the gas-exchange areas (alveoli) per minute during quiet breathing.
    • An increase in alveolar ventilation rate decreases the partial pressure of CO2 in alveoli.
    • Mismatch of ventilation/perfusion ratio is seen in both the apex and base of the lung.

    Cardiovascular System

    • The normal electrical axis of the heart lies between -30° and +100°.
    • If the axis is more negative than -30°, it is called left axis deviation, whereas if the axis is more positive than +100°, it is called right axis deviation.

    Other

    • Herring Breuer reflex is an increase in the duration of inspiration.
    • Isocapnic exercise is breathing of increased volume of ventilation for a long period.
    • Pulmonary vasodilation is caused by histamine.
    • Infusion of hypotonic saline increases both ICF and ECF.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    NEET 2014 Anatomy Past Paper PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the anatomy of lymphatics in the face, specifically the drainage of anterior lymphatics from the nose. It also touches on the location and function of submandibular nodes.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser