Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the longest bone in the human body?
What is the longest bone in the human body?
What is the meeting point of the three bones of the hemipelvis called?
What is the meeting point of the three bones of the hemipelvis called?
What type of muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the lower limb?
What type of muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the lower limb?
What is the name of the artery that supplies the thigh?
What is the name of the artery that supplies the thigh?
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What is the name of the bone that articulates with the femur to form the hip joint?
What is the name of the bone that articulates with the femur to form the hip joint?
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How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?
How many tarsal bones are there in the foot?
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What is the name of the vein that drains into the anterior tibial vein in the dorsum of the foot?
What is the name of the vein that drains into the anterior tibial vein in the dorsum of the foot?
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What is the name of the muscle that flexes the foot?
What is the name of the muscle that flexes the foot?
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How many phalanges does the big toe have?
How many phalanges does the big toe have?
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What is the name of the bone that lies laterally in the lower limb?
What is the name of the bone that lies laterally in the lower limb?
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Study Notes
Bones of the Lower Limb
- The lower limb is composed of: pelvic bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and foot bones
- Pelvic bones consist of: sacrum and right and left hemipelvis
- Each hemipelvis is composed of 3 bones that meet at the acetabulum, which articulates with the femur to form the hip joint
Femur
- The longest bone in the body
- Articulates with the acetabulum to form the hip joint and with the tibia to form the knee joint
- Composed of: head, neck, shaft, trochanters, and condyles
Tibia and Fibula
- Tibia lies medially and fibula lies laterally
- Articulations:
- Tibia articulates with femur at the knee joint
- Both tibia and fibula articulate with the tarsal bones (talus) at the ankle joint
- They articulate with each other
Foot Bones
- Tarsal bones: 7 in total
- Talus
- Calcaneum
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cuneiform bones (3)
- Metatarsals: 5
- Phalanges: 14
- Each toe has 3 phalanges, except the big toe which has 2 phalanges
Muscles of the Lower Limb
- Anterior muscles (extensors)
- Posterior muscles (flexors)
- Medial muscles (adductors)
- Anterior muscles (dorsiflexors and extensors of the digits)
- Posterior muscles (plantiflexors and flexors of the foot)
- Lateral muscles (evertors)
Blood Supply
- The thigh is supplied by the femoral artery
- At the back of the knee, it becomes the popliteal artery and divides into:
- Anterior tibial artery
- Posterior tibial artery
- Peroneal artery
- These arteries supply the leg and foot
- The anterior tibial artery becomes the dorsalis pedis artery in the dorsum of the foot
- The posterior tibial artery divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries
Venous Drainage
- Divided into: deep veins and superficial veins
- Deep veins:
- Dorsum of foot: dorsal venous arch that drains into anterior tibial vein
- Plantar aspect: medial and lateral plantar veins that drain into posterior tibial vein and fibular vein
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Description
Learn about the bones that make up the lower limb, including the pelvic bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, and foot bones. Understand how they articulate to form joints.
