Anatomy of Lower Limb Regions

Anatomical Areas and Boundaries

Femoral Triangle Boundaries

• Medial border: adductor longus
• Lateral border: sartorius
• Base: inguinal ligament
• Apex: directed downwards

Adductor Canal Contents

• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Saphenous nerve
• Nerve to vastus medialis
• Branches of femoral artery

Popliteal Fossa Anatomy

• Boundaries:
  • Superior: hamstring tendons
  • Inferior: calf muscles
  • Medial: medial head of gastrocnemius
  • Lateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius
• Contents:
  • Popliteal artery
  • Popliteal vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Common peroneal nerve

Tarsal Canal Structures

• Boundaries:
  • Medial: medial malleolus
  • Lateral: lateral malleolus
  • Posterior: posterior talofibular ligament
  • Anterior: anterior talofibular ligament
• Contents:
  • Posterior tibial artery
  • Posterior tibial vein
  • Tibial nerve
  • Flexor hallucis longus tendon

Inguinal Canal Borders

• Anterior: aponeurosis of external oblique
• Posterior: conjoint tendon
• Superior: inguinal ligament
• Inferior: lacunar ligament

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

• Boundaries:
  • Medial: medial intermuscular septum
  • Lateral: lateral intermuscular septum
• Contents:
  • Quadriceps femoris
  • Sartorius
  • Intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve

Posterior Compartment of Thigh

• Boundaries:
  • Medial: medial intermuscular septum
  • Lateral: lateral intermuscular septum
• Contents:
  • Hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)
  • Sciatic nerve

Axilla

• Boundaries:
  • Medial: chest wall
  • Lateral: humerus
  • Anterior: pectoralis major
  • Posterior: subscapularis and teres minor
• Contents:
  • Axillary artery
  • Axillary vein
  • Brachial plexus
  • Lymph nodes

Quadrangular Space

• Boundaries:
  • Superior: teres minor
  • Inferior: teres major
  • Medial: long head of triceps
  • Lateral: humerus
• Contents:
  • Axillary nerve
  • Posterior humeral circumflex artery

Triangular Space

• Boundaries:
  • Superior: teres minor
  • Inferior: teres major
  • Medial: long head of triceps
• Contents:
  • Circumflex scapular artery

Cubital Fossa

• Boundaries:
  • Medial: pronator teres
  • Lateral: brachioradialis
  • Superior: medial epicondyle
  • Inferior: anterior aspect of forearm
• Contents:
  • Brachial artery
  • Median nerve
  • Biceps brachii tendon

Extensor Compartments

• 1st compartment: thumb extensors
• 2nd compartment: extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
• 3rd compartment: extensor pollicis longus
• 4th compartment: extensor digitorum communis and extensor indicis proprius
• 5th compartment: extensor digiti minimi
• 6th compartment: extensor carpi ulnaris

Carpal Tunnel

• Boundaries:
  • Dorsal: carpal bones
  • Ventral: flexor retinaculum
• Contents:
  • Median nerve
  • Flexor tendons of digits

Anatomical Areas and Boundaries

Femoral Triangle

• Medial border defined by adductor longus
• Lateral border defined by sartorius
• Base formed by inguinal ligament
• Apex directed downwards

Adductor Canal

• Contains femoral artery, femoral vein, saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, and branches of femoral artery

Popliteal Fossa

• Boundaries: superiorly by hamstring tendons, inferiorly by calf muscles, medially by medial head of gastrocnemius, and laterally by lateral head of gastrocnemius
• Contains popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, and common peroneal nerve

Tarsal Canal

• Boundaries: medially by medial malleolus, laterally by lateral malleolus, posteriorly by posterior talofibular ligament, and anteriorly by anterior talofibular ligament
• Contains posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, tibial nerve, and flexor hallucis longus tendon

Inguinal Canal

• Anterior boundary formed by aponeurosis of external oblique
• Posterior boundary formed by conjoint tendon
• Superior boundary formed by inguinal ligament
• Inferior boundary formed by lacunar ligament

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

• Boundaries: medially by medial intermuscular septum and laterally by lateral intermuscular septum
• Contains quadriceps femoris, sartorius, and intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve

Posterior Compartment of Thigh

• Boundaries: medially by medial intermuscular septum and laterally by lateral intermuscular septum
• Contains hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus) and sciatic nerve

Axilla

• Boundaries: medially by chest wall, laterally by humerus, anteriorly by pectoralis major, and posteriorly by subscapularis and teres minor
• Contains axillary artery, axillary vein, brachial plexus, and lymph nodes

Quadrangular Space

• Boundaries: superiorly by teres minor, inferiorly by teres major, medially by long head of triceps, and laterally by humerus
• Contains axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

Triangular Space

• Boundaries: superiorly by teres minor, inferiorly by teres major, and medially by long head of triceps
• Contains circumflex scapular artery

Cubital Fossa

• Boundaries: medially by pronator teres, laterally by brachioradialis, superiorly by medial epicondyle, and inferiorly by anterior aspect of forearm
• Contains brachial artery, median nerve, and biceps brachii tendon

Extensor Compartments

• 1st compartment contains thumb extensors
• 2nd compartment contains extensor carpi radialis brevis and longus
• 3rd compartment contains extensor pollicis longus
• 4th compartment contains extensor digitorum communis and extensor indicis proprius
• 5th compartment contains extensor digiti minimi
• 6th compartment contains extensor carpi ulnaris

Carpal Tunnel

• Boundaries: dorsally by carpal bones and ventrally by flexor retinaculum
• Contains median nerve and flexor tendons of digits

Lower Limb

Posterior Compartment of Thigh

• Bounded by posterior aspect of femur, hamstrings, and gluteal fascia
• Contains hamstring muscles, sciatic nerve, and profunda femoris artery

Anterior Compartment of Thigh

• Bounded by anterior aspect of femur, iliacus fascia, and sartorius muscle
• Contains quadriceps muscle, femoral nerve, and femoral artery

Tarsal Canal Structures

• Bounded by medial and lateral walls of the tarsal canal and tarsal tunnel
• Contains posterior tibial artery, posterior tibial vein, and tibial nerve

Inguinal Canal Borders

• Bounded by inguinal ligament, lacunar ligament, iliopubic tract, and conjoint tendon
• Contains iliofemoral nerve, iliolumber artery, and spermatic cord in males

Popliteal Fossa Anatomy

• Bounded by posterior aspect of the knee joint, hamstrings, and gastrocnemius muscle
• Contains popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve, and common peroneal nerve

Adductor Canal Contents

• Bounded by adductor magnus muscle and vastus medialis muscle
• Contains femoral artery, femoral vein, and saphenous nerve

Femoral Triangle Boundaries

• Bounded by inguinal ligament, adductor longus muscle, and sartorius muscle
• Contains femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral nerve

Upper Limb

Axilla

• Bounded by pectoralis major muscle, subscapularis muscle, and humerus
• Contains axillary artery, axillary vein, and brachial plexus

Quadrangular Space

• Bounded by teres major muscle, teres minor muscle, humerus, and long head of triceps brachii muscle
• Contains axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery

Triangular Space Cubital Fossa

• Bounded by medial epicondyle of the humerus, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and olecranon process
• Contains ulnar nerve and ulnar artery

Extensor Compartments

• Bounded by dorsal surface of the forearm and extensor retinaculum
• Contains extensor muscles of the forearm and posterior interosseous nerve

Carpal Tunnel

• Bounded by carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
• Contains median nerve and flexor tendons of the wrist

This quiz covers the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle and adductor canal, as well as the anatomy of the popliteal fossa. It is designed to test your knowledge of the anatomical areas and boundaries of the lower limb.