Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of joint is found in the skull, connected by dense connective tissue?
What type of joint is found in the skull, connected by dense connective tissue?
Fibrous joint
The ______ is a type of bone that is round and found in tendons, providing protection and reducing friction.
The ______ is a type of bone that is round and found in tendons, providing protection and reducing friction.
sesamoid
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilaginous joints?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cartilaginous joints?
- Example is the intervertebral discs
- Allow limited movement
- Connected by cartilage
- Have a joint cavity (correct)
The gomphosis joint is the type of joint that connects the teeth to the jawbone.
The gomphosis joint is the type of joint that connects the teeth to the jawbone.
Match the types of joints with their corresponding characteristics:
Match the types of joints with their corresponding characteristics:
Unlike other synovial joints, the posterior sacroiliac joint has a ______ syndesmosis.
Unlike other synovial joints, the posterior sacroiliac joint has a ______ syndesmosis.
The lateral atlantoaxial joint allows for large, free-range movements.
The lateral atlantoaxial joint allows for large, free-range movements.
Which of the following joints provides the rotating 'no' movement?
Which of the following joints provides the rotating 'no' movement?
What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?
What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?
Match the following joint types with their corresponding movement:
Match the following joint types with their corresponding movement:
Which of the following features are characteristic of thoracic vertebrae?
Which of the following features are characteristic of thoracic vertebrae?
The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are short and pointed downward.
The spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae are short and pointed downward.
What is the unique feature found on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T10) that is not found on other vertebral types?
What is the unique feature found on the transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae (T1-T10) that is not found on other vertebral types?
The vertebral bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are ______-shaped.
The vertebral bodies of the thoracic vertebrae are ______-shaped.
Match the following vertebral features to their respective regions:
Match the following vertebral features to their respective regions:
Pathological synostoses can occur as a result of trauma.
Pathological synostoses can occur as a result of trauma.
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the true ribs?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the true ribs?
The ______ is the most superior part of the sternum, forming a triangular shape.
The ______ is the most superior part of the sternum, forming a triangular shape.
What is the name of the joint that connects the manubrium and body of the sternum?
What is the name of the joint that connects the manubrium and body of the sternum?
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
Match the following structures with their descriptions:
What are the two features present on the first rib that are not present on the other ribs?
What are the two features present on the first rib that are not present on the other ribs?
Which of the following is NOT a type of pathological synostosis?
Which of the following is NOT a type of pathological synostosis?
The second rib articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
The second rib articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
What are the primary movements of the metatarsophalangeal joint, considering it as a hinge joint?
What are the primary movements of the metatarsophalangeal joint, considering it as a hinge joint?
The metatarsophalangeal joint can also be classified as a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wider range of motion.
The metatarsophalangeal joint can also be classified as a ball and socket joint, allowing for a wider range of motion.
The ______ ligament is located on either side of the metatarsophalangeal joint, providing lateral stability.
The ______ ligament is located on either side of the metatarsophalangeal joint, providing lateral stability.
What are the three types of arches found in the foot?
What are the three types of arches found in the foot?
Match the following joints with their primary movements:
Match the following joints with their primary movements:
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
The head of the proximal phalanx articulates with the base of the middle phalanx in the interphalangeal joints.
The head of the proximal phalanx articulates with the base of the middle phalanx in the interphalangeal joints.
What is the type of joint found in the metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers II to V?
What is the type of joint found in the metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers II to V?
The ______ ligaments in the metacarpophalangeal joints attach from the sides of the metacarpal head to the proximal phalanx, providing lateral stability.
The ______ ligaments in the metacarpophalangeal joints attach from the sides of the metacarpal head to the proximal phalanx, providing lateral stability.
Match the following structures with their location in the phalanx:
Match the following structures with their location in the phalanx:
Which of the following movements is NOT possible at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
Which of the following movements is NOT possible at the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb?
The Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament connects the palmar plates of the metacarpophalangeal joints II to V, contributing to their stability.
The Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament connects the palmar plates of the metacarpophalangeal joints II to V, contributing to their stability.
What is the name of the structure that attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx on the palmar side of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
What is the name of the structure that attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx on the palmar side of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
Flashcards
Thoracic vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Vertebrae with medium, heart-shaped bodies and long spinous processes
Lumbar vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Largest, weight-bearing vertebrae, L1-L5, with kidney-shaped bodies
Sacrum
Sacrum
Fused vertebrae S1-S5 forming a half moon shape, articulating with the coccyx
Costal facets
Costal facets
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Intervertebral disks
Intervertebral disks
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Irregular bones
Irregular bones
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Sesamoid bones
Sesamoid bones
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Fibrous joints
Fibrous joints
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Cartilaginous joints
Cartilaginous joints
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Synovial joints
Synovial joints
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Posterior sacroiliac joint
Posterior sacroiliac joint
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Lateral atlantoaxial joint
Lateral atlantoaxial joint
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Atlanto-occipital joint
Atlanto-occipital joint
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Median atlantoaxial joint
Median atlantoaxial joint
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Atlantoaxial joint structure
Atlantoaxial joint structure
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Natural synostoses
Natural synostoses
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Pathological synostoses
Pathological synostoses
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True ribs
True ribs
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False ribs
False ribs
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First rib characteristics
First rib characteristics
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Second rib characteristics
Second rib characteristics
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Floating ribs
Floating ribs
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Sternum features
Sternum features
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Phalanx Structure
Phalanx Structure
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MCP Joint I
MCP Joint I
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MCP Joints II-V
MCP Joints II-V
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Collateral Ligaments
Collateral Ligaments
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Palmar Plate
Palmar Plate
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Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament
Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament
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Interphalangeal Joints
Interphalangeal Joints
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MCP Joint Movements
MCP Joint Movements
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Metatarsophalangeal joint
Metatarsophalangeal joint
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Movements of metatarsophalangeal joints
Movements of metatarsophalangeal joints
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DIP and PIP joints
DIP and PIP joints
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Palmar ligament
Palmar ligament
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Foot arches
Foot arches
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Function of foot arches
Function of foot arches
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Study Notes
Anatomical Position
- The body is standing erect, face forward, feet parallel, arms hanging at the sides, palms facing forward, thumbs pointing away from the body.
Axes and Planes of the Body
- Planes:
- Coronal plane (vertical): divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
- Sagittal plane (vertical/medial): divides the body into left and right parts.
- Transverse plane: divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
- Axes:
- Horizontal axis (X-axis): from left to right.
- Vertical axis (Y-axis): from inferior to superior.
- Sagittal axis (Z-axis): from anterior to posterior.
- Uniaxial - movement in one axis,
- Biaxial - movement in two axes,
- Multiaxial - movement in multiple axes.
Classification of Bones by Shape
- Long bones: tubular (e.g., humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula).
- Short bones: cuboidal (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
- Flat bones: two compact bone plates separated by spongy bone (e.g., sternum, ribs, skull).
- Irregular bones: various shapes (e.g., vertebrae, sacrum).
- Sesamoid bones: rounded (e.g., patella).
Classification of Joints
- Fibrous: no joint cavity, connected by ligaments (e.g., bones in the skull).
- Cartilaginous: connected by cartilage, no joint cavity (e.g., pubic symphysis).
- Synovial: fluid-filled joint cavity, allowing free movement (e.g., glenohumeral joint, acetabulofemoral joint).
- Solid joints: fibrous and cartilaginous joints, limited movement.
Basic Bone Structure
- Compact bone: dense, forms the outer shell.
- Spongy (Cancellous) bone: consists of spicules enclosing marrow cavities.
Basic Joint Structure
- Articulating cartilage: reduces friction
- Joint cavity: space between articulating bones, containing synovial fluid.
- Synovial membrane: inner layer, secretes synovial fluid for lubrication.
- Joint/articular capsule: double-layered structure.
- Ligaments: support and stabilize the joint.
- Bursae: fluid-filled sacs to reduce friction.
- Tendons: connect muscles to bones.
- Fat pads: cushioning and protection.
- Menisci: fibrocartilage discs for shock absorption.
- Labrum: fibrocartilaginous ring to deepen articular surfaces.
Additional Joint Types
- Plane (gliding) joint: articulating surfaces are slightly curved or flat, allowing them to slide over each other (e.g., intercarpal joints).
- Pivot joint: rounded surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed by another bone (e.g., atlantoaxial joint).
- Hinge joint: convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another; allows movement around one axis (e.g., elbow joint).
- Saddle joint: concave and convex articular surfaces (e.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb).
- Ellipsoid joint: oval-shaped condyles fit into an elliptical cavity; biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction) (e.g., wrist joint).
- Ball-and-socket joint: spherical head of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another; multiaxial (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, rotation) (e.g., shoulder joint).
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