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Questions and Answers
What type of joint is characterized by the absence of movement and primarily occurs between the flat bones of the skull?
What type of joint is characterized by the absence of movement and primarily occurs between the flat bones of the skull?
- Ball-and-socket joints
- Sutures (correct)
- Cartilaginous joints
- Synovial joints
What term is used to describe the loss of movement in sutures due to ossification in middle age?
What term is used to describe the loss of movement in sutures due to ossification in middle age?
- Synchondrosis
- Synostoses (correct)
- Syndesmosis
- Symphyses
Which of the following joints is an example of a synchondrosis?
Which of the following joints is an example of a synchondrosis?
- Pubic symphysis
- Knee joint
- Intervertebral discs
- Costochondral joints (correct)
What distinguishes syndesmoses from other types of joints?
What distinguishes syndesmoses from other types of joints?
In terms of movement, how do cartilaginous joints compare with fibrous ones?
In terms of movement, how do cartilaginous joints compare with fibrous ones?
Which type of cartilaginous joint is defined as having a cartilaginous pad filling the space between articulating bones?
Which type of cartilaginous joint is defined as having a cartilaginous pad filling the space between articulating bones?
What connective tissue primarily composes the sutures between skull bones?
What connective tissue primarily composes the sutures between skull bones?
Which of the following statements regarding the amount of movement in sutures is correct?
Which of the following statements regarding the amount of movement in sutures is correct?
Which of the following joints would be classified as symphyses?
Which of the following joints would be classified as symphyses?
Which joint is specifically mentioned as allowing two kinds of movement due to its fibrocartilage structure?
Which joint is specifically mentioned as allowing two kinds of movement due to its fibrocartilage structure?
What movement is characterized by the lowering of a body part?
What movement is characterized by the lowering of a body part?
Which movement is best described as the turning of a bone around its own axis?
Which movement is best described as the turning of a bone around its own axis?
Which of the following movements describes the movement of a limb away from the body?
Which of the following movements describes the movement of a limb away from the body?
What is the term for the movement of rotating the forearm so the palm faces upwards?
What is the term for the movement of rotating the forearm so the palm faces upwards?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a special movement?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a special movement?
What movement describes the foot moving upwards towards the shin?
What movement describes the foot moving upwards towards the shin?
Which movement is characterized by the movement of a body part forward on a plane?
Which movement is characterized by the movement of a body part forward on a plane?
Which term refers to the twisting motion of the foot to bring the inside of the foot upwards?
Which term refers to the twisting motion of the foot to bring the inside of the foot upwards?
What type of movement is achieved by bending a limb at a joint?
What type of movement is achieved by bending a limb at a joint?
What type of movement is primarily allowed by the atlantoaxial joint?
What type of movement is primarily allowed by the atlantoaxial joint?
What is a typical cause of torn cartilage in the meniscus?
What is a typical cause of torn cartilage in the meniscus?
Which joints are examples of condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints?
Which joints are examples of condyloid (ellipsoidal) joints?
Which type of joint primarily involves a central bony pivot turning within a bony ring?
Which type of joint primarily involves a central bony pivot turning within a bony ring?
Which statement best describes bursitis?
Which statement best describes bursitis?
Which injury would most likely occur as a result of prolonged leaning on one's elbows?
Which injury would most likely occur as a result of prolonged leaning on one's elbows?
In which joint does the combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and a small amount of rotation occur?
In which joint does the combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and a small amount of rotation occur?
What characterizes the clavicle's role in the pectoral girdle?
What characterizes the clavicle's role in the pectoral girdle?
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial joint?
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial joint?
The superior radioulnar joint primarily allows for which action?
The superior radioulnar joint primarily allows for which action?
What is a common consequence of torn meniscus cartilage?
What is a common consequence of torn meniscus cartilage?
What type of bursitis occurs due to inflammation of the prepatellar bursa?
What type of bursitis occurs due to inflammation of the prepatellar bursa?
What is a common characteristic of condyloid joints?
What is a common characteristic of condyloid joints?
Which type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint classified as?
Which type of joint is the tibiofemoral joint classified as?
What defines the movement capabilities of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
What defines the movement capabilities of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
What is the role of synovial fluid in a joint?
What is the role of synovial fluid in a joint?
Which of the following is true about plane joints?
Which of the following is true about plane joints?
What role do bursae play in relation to synovial joints?
What role do bursae play in relation to synovial joints?
Which joint type is primarily involved in flexion and extension?
Which joint type is primarily involved in flexion and extension?
Which statement best describes a pivot joint?
Which statement best describes a pivot joint?
What defines the movement capabilities of a hinge joint?
What defines the movement capabilities of a hinge joint?
In which of the following joints would you most likely find tendon sheaths?
In which of the following joints would you most likely find tendon sheaths?
Which characteristic is unique to the structure of bursae?
Which characteristic is unique to the structure of bursae?
Which of the following movements is NOT permitted by a plane joint?
Which of the following movements is NOT permitted by a plane joint?
What is the function of tendon sheaths in relation to tendons?
What is the function of tendon sheaths in relation to tendons?
Which type of joint would allow for the least type of movement?
Which type of joint would allow for the least type of movement?
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Study Notes
Sutures and Syndesmoses
- Sutures are immovable joints found only between the bones of the skull.
- Composed of fibrous connective tissue continuous with the periosteum.
- Over time, sutures ossify and fuse, termed as "synostoses," indicating bony fusion.
- Inferior tibiofibular joints are syndesmoses, allowing some movement due to longer fibers compared to sutures.
Cartilaginous Joints
- Articulating bones are united by cartilage and do not have a joint cavity.
- Cartilaginous joints are not highly movable, and the space is filled with a cartilage pad.
- Two types:
- Synchondroses: Joints united by hyaline cartilage.
- Symphyses: Joints united by fibrocartilage, allowing slight movements.
Types of Joint Movements
- Movement types in various joints:
- Extension, Abduction, Adduction, Circumduction, Rotation, Pronation, Supination.
- Additional specialized movements include Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion, Inversion, Eversion, Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, Depression, and Opposition.
Synovial Joints
- Classified by shape of articular surfaces with several types allowing unique movements:
- Plane (Gliding): Flat surfaces allowing sliding; e.g., sternoclavicular joint.
- Hinge (Ginglymus): Allows flexion and extension; e.g., elbow and knee joints.
- Pivot (Trochoid): Permits rotation; e.g., atlantoaxial joint.
- Condyloid (Ellipsoidal): Dual convex and concave surfaces enabling flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction; e.g., wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints.
Bursa and Tendon Sheaths
- Bursae are flattened sacs lined with synovial membrane acting like ball bearings, but they are not joints.
- Tendon sheaths surround tendons subject to friction and are elongated bursae.
Injuries and Conditions
- Dislocations occur when bones are out of alignment.
- Torn cartilage often affects the meniscus, particularly under compression and shear stress.
- Bursitis: Inflammation or infection of a bursa; can result from trauma or friction.
- Specific types of bursitis include:
- Housemaid's knee: Inflammation of prepatellar bursa.
- Student's elbow: Olecranon bursitis from prolonged elbow pressure.
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