Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the largest flat bone in the body?
What is the largest flat bone in the body?
Which bone forms about two-fifths of the acetabulum?
Which bone forms about two-fifths of the acetabulum?
Which part of the hip bone is irregularly triangular?
Which part of the hip bone is irregularly triangular?
What is the main function of the medial ramus of the ischium?
What is the main function of the medial ramus of the ischium?
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Which bone has a wide wing and pelvic surface?
Which bone has a wide wing and pelvic surface?
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What forms the basis of the point of the hip?
What forms the basis of the point of the hip?
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Which feature distinguishes the ilia of a horse from an ox?
Which feature distinguishes the ilia of a horse from an ox?
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What is a distinguishing characteristic of the tibia of a horse?
What is a distinguishing characteristic of the tibia of a horse?
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Which feature describes the hock (tarsus) anatomy of a horse?
Which feature describes the hock (tarsus) anatomy of a horse?
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Which statement correctly describes the anatomy of the fibula in horses?
Which statement correctly describes the anatomy of the fibula in horses?
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Which joints does the femur of a horse articulate with?
Which joints does the femur of a horse articulate with?
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What is the distal extremity of the tibia in a horse known as?
What is the distal extremity of the tibia in a horse known as?
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Which feature differentiates the horse fibula from that of the ox and dog?
Which feature differentiates the horse fibula from that of the ox and dog?
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What is the largest bone of the hock in a horse?
What is the largest bone of the hock in a horse?
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In a horse, what divides the posterior surface of the tibia shaft into two parts?
In a horse, what divides the posterior surface of the tibia shaft into two parts?
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How many short bones usually make up the tarsus (hock) of a horse?
How many short bones usually make up the tarsus (hock) of a horse?
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What is the part of the fibula that is reduced to head and shaft only in a horse?
What is the part of the fibula that is reduced to head and shaft only in a horse?
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Study Notes
The Hind Limb
- The hind limb consists of the hip, thigh, leg, and pes.
- The hip bone is the largest flat bone in the body and is formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis at the acetabulum.
The Os Coxae (Hip Bone)
- The os coxae is composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.
- The pelvic girdle includes the os coxae of either side.
- The bony pelvis includes the os coxae, sacrum, and first 3 coccygeal vertebra.
- The ilium is the largest of the three parts and is irregularly triangular in shape.
- The ilium presents two surfaces, three borders, and three angles.
- The medial angle is termed the tuber sacrale.
- The lateral angle, tuber coxae, forms the basis of the point of the hip.
- The acetabular angle meets the other two bones at the acetabulum.
The Ischium
- The ischium has four borders and two surfaces.
- It has two rami, with the medial ramus forming the symphysis and the lateral ramus going to the acetabulum.
- The obturator foramen is oval in shape.
The Pubis
- The pubis has dorsal and ventral surfaces and cranial and caudal borders.
- It has a pubic tubercle, pubic groove, and iliopubic eminence.
- The pubis has two rami, with the medial ramus forming the symphysis and the lateral ramus going to the acetabulum.
Comparison of Os Coxae in Different Animals
- In horses, the ilia gluteal line is un-parallel to each other and from the dorsal to the medial border.
- In oxen, the ilia gluteal line is parallel to each other and parallel to the lateral border.
- In dogs, the wings are very concave.
The Femur (Thigh Bone)
- The femur is a long bone that forms joints at the hip and stifle.
- The proximal extremity bears trochanters (greater, lesser, and third) and a head with a fovea capitis.
- The shaft forms a blunt point directed distally.
The Tibia and Fibula (Leg Bones)
- The tibia and fibula are long bones that form joints at the stifle and hock.
- The proximal extremity of the tibia bears two condyles, two spines, and cranial and caudal intercondylar areas.
- The tibia has a tibial tuberosity and tibial crest.
- The shaft is prismatic at the proximal third.
- The distal extremity forms the medial malleolus.
- The fibula is a much-reduced bone that lies lateral to the tibia.
- The distal extremity of the fibula forms the lateral malleolus.
Comparison of Tibia and Fibula in Different Animals
- In horses, the tibial tuberosity is grooved, the shaft is straight, and the distal articular surface is divided.
- In oxen, the tibial tuberosity is not grooved, the shaft is oblique, and the distal articular surface is double curved.
- In dogs, the tibial tuberosity is not grooved, the shaft is twisted, and the distal articular surface is sagittal.
The Tarsus (Hock)
- The tarsus or hock of the horse usually comprises six short bones, but exceptionally seven are present.
- The tibial tarsal bone is the medial bone of the proximal row and is extremely irregular in form.
- The fibular tarsal bone is the largest bone of the hock and has a tuber calcis or "point of the hock".
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Description
Test your knowledge on the bones of the hind limb, including the hip, thigh, leg, and pes. Learn about the structure and composition of the hip bone (os coxae), its components (ilium, ischium, pubis), and its functions in the pelvic girdle and bony pelvis.
