Anatomy of Heart Variants

An irregular heartbeat that can disrupt normal blood flow.

Ability of heart muscle fibers to return to resting length after contraction.

Period after aortic valve closure where all valves are closed, and LV pressure drops.

The phase where mitral valve opens and blood rushes from LA to LV.

A brief phase where blood flow is slow and the AV valves flutter.

Final phase where the atria contract to fill the ventricles.

Ability of the left ventricle to expand and fill with blood.

The amount of oxygen delivered to heart muscle via coronary arteries.

Conditions like LVH lead to decreased compliance and heart stiffness.

The oxygen needed by cardiomyocytes, determined by wall stress.

Tension required to pump blood, influenced by heart structure.

The pressure in the left ventricle during contraction, affects wall stress.

A condition where the heart's ability to contract is impaired, leading to inadequate blood ejection.

A condition where the left ventricle expands, impacting oxygen demand.

A heart attack caused by complete blockage of a coronary artery, damaging heart muscle.

Thickening of the left ventricle walls, changing muscle load distribution.

Describes the relationship between wall tension, radius, and pressure in the heart.

Chest pain resulting from reduced blood supply to the myocardium, often a symptom of ischemic heart disease.

A predictable form of angina that occurs with increased oxygen demand but does not occur at rest.

Chest pain due to reduced blood flow to the heart, indicative of oxygen imbalance.

Chest pain that may occur at rest and is a sign of worsening heart condition, often with a flat ST segment on ECG.

Chest pain at rest, often due to coronary artery spasms.

Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, indicating partial blockage of a coronary artery.

Vague chest pain, typically less severe and more common in women.

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, indicating complete blockage of a coronary artery.

A complete cessation of electrical activity in the heart, leading to no contractions and potential death without treatment.

A condition where there is heart electrical activity but no palpable pulse due to ineffective contractions.

Substances in the blood that indicate myocardial damage; common ones are troponin and CK.

A protein that becomes elevated in the blood after myocardial cell death; sensitive indicator of heart damage.

A state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, often after a heart attack.

Condition where the mitral valve can't close fully, often due to ruptured papillary muscle, leading to backward blood flow.

A localized enlargement of a weakened area in the wall of an artery or heart chamber, potentially leading to complications.

A contained rupture of the heart's wall, usually with a neck, causing risk of further rupture.

Peripherally inserted central catheters used for medication administration.

Fibromuscular ridge between inferior vena cava and coronary sinus in the right atrium.

Fatty infiltration of the interatrial septum with fossa ovalis sparing.

The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, calculated by heart rate multiplied by stroke volume.

Narrowing of blood vessels, which increases blood pressure and reduces blood flow.

A measure of the thickness of blood, affecting blood flow.

Phase where ventricles contract but no blood is ejected, pressure rises rapidly.

Valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle, consisting of three leaflets.

An out-pouching of the interatrial septum often associated with a patent foramen ovale.

Measure of the percentage of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.

Distance measured between the anterior mitral valve leaflet and the interventricular septum during early diastole.

A condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries due to plaque buildup.

Phase where the left ventricle fills with blood before contraction, volume increases.

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one contraction.

Alternative blood flow that develops slowly due to obstruction within a vessel.

A condition of elevated blood pressure, often leading to other heart issues.

Narrowing of the aortic valve, causing resistance to blood flow.

The percentage of blood that is pumped out of the LV with each heartbeat.

The speed of blood flow from LA to LV during early diastole.

The speed of blood flow from LA to LV during late diastole caused by atrial contraction.

The time it takes for the E wave to peak and return to baseline.

Increased blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, often due to high LA pressure.

Thickening of the LV muscle, often caused by hypertension.

A method to measure the speed of the heart's walls during the cardiac cycle.

The pressure in the left atrium, which affects blood return to the LV.

Impaired filling of the heart due to stiffness or abnormalities.