Anatomy of Heart: Coronary Arteries and Pericardium

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the pericardium?

To regulate blood pressure

To filter deoxygenated blood from the myocardium

To increase blood flow to the myocardium

To limit the heart's motion and prevent overfilling (correct)

Which artery supplies the left atrium and left ventricle?

Left circumflex artery (LCX)

Posterior descending artery (PDA)

Right coronary artery (RCA)

Left coronary artery (LCA) (correct)

What is the term for the artery that gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA)?

Vascular dominance

Arterial dominance

Cardiac dominance

Coronary dominance (correct)

What is the purpose of the cardiac veins?

To drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac?

Cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX)?

Left coronary artery (LCA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the phrenic nerves and the pericardium?

They are closely related, and problems with the pericardium can cause referred pain Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the artery that supplies the right atrium and ventricle?

Right coronary artery (RCA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericardium?

To anchor the heart and limit its motion Signup and view all the answers

What separates the atria from the ventricles?

The coronary sulcus Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Pulmonary vein Signup and view all the answers

Where is the heart located?

In the mediastinum, slightly left of the midline Signup and view all the answers

What is the path of blood flow from the right atrium to the lungs?

Right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main vessels that divide the right and left ventricles?

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve that separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vessels is NOT a part of the coronary circulation?

Superior vena cava Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pericardium in relation to the heart's movement?

To prevent excessive movement and displacement of the heart Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body?

Left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pericardial fluid?

To lubricate the heart's movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves is closely related to the pericardium?

Phrenic nerve Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of excessive fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac?

Cardiac tamponade Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the coronary circulation?

To supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following coronary arteries supplies the right atrium and right ventricle?

Right coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle?

Compromised cardiac function Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Coronary Arteries

The right coronary artery (RCA) supplies the right atrium and ventricle, SA nodal artery, and posterior descending artery (PDA).
The left coronary artery (LCA) supplies the left atrium and ventricle, and branches into the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (LCX).
Coronary dominance refers to the artery that supplies the PDA, which can be right, left, or co-dominant.

Structure and Function of the Pericardium

The pericardium is a protective sac that surrounds and supports the heart, limiting its motion and preventing overfilling.
The pericardial cavity contains a small amount of fluid for lubrication and protection from infection.
The pericardium is closely related to the phrenic nerves, and problems with the pericardium can cause referred pain.
Fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac can lead to cardiac tamponade, a serious condition requiring immediate attention.

Coronary Circulation

The coronary circulation supplies the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygen and nutrients.
The right coronary artery (RCA) supplies the right atrium and ventricle, SA nodal artery, and PDA.
The left coronary artery (LCA) supplies the left atrium and ventricle, LAD, and LCX.
Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.
Blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the bicuspid (mitral) valve.
The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the aorta.

Cardiac Veins

Cardiac veins drain deoxygenated blood from the myocardium.
The great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, and small cardiac vein are important cardiac veins.
They collect blood and drain it into the coronary sinus, which then empties into the right atrium.

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Description

Learn about the structure and function of coronary arteries and pericardium in the human heart, including their branches and roles in circulation.