Anatomy of Head and Neck: Mastication, TMJ, and Swallowing
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is responsible for contralateral excursion of the mandible?

  • Medial pterygoid (correct)
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Lateral pterygoid

    • What is the primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle in relation to the mandible?

  • Retrusion
  • Ipsilateral excursion
  • Elevation
  • Protrusion (correct)

    • Which of the following muscles is not involved in protrusion of the mandible?

  • Lateral pterygoid
  • Medial pterygoid
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis (correct)

    • What is the shape of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is responsible for elevation of the mandible?

    <p>Medial pterygoid and masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles?

    <p>Infratemporal fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the supra- and infrahyoid muscles?

    <p>To assist in swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle acts to depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing?

    <p>Infrahyoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the tongue during the process of swallowing?

    <p>To move food towards the molars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the lips during the process of eating?

    <p>To reduce the likelihood of food falling out of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the buccinators during the process of eating?

    <p>To break down the food mechanically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ptyalin in the saliva?

    <p>To break down the carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the articular disc in the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>To separate the joint cavity into two compartments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles of mastication is responsible for retrusion of the mandible?

    <p>Lateral Pterygoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main blood supply to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure lies between the temporalis and pterygoid muscles and anastomoses with the facial vein?

    <p>Pterygoid plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hinge movement in the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>To enable rotation of the mandible during mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a minor masticatory muscle?

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the gliding movement in the temporomandibular joint?

    <p>To facilitate lateral deviation of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles of mastication is responsible for elevation of the mandible?

    <p>Temporalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>To allow for the passage of the maxillary artery and pterygoid venous plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for innervation of the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the orbicularis oris muscle in the process of bolus formation?

    <p>To contract and narrow the oropharyngeal isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During swallowing, which muscles contract to close the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?

    <p>Superior constrictor muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the epiglottis in the process of swallowing?

    <p>To deflect food and drink into the piriform fossa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contract to reduce the size of the laryngeal inlet during swallowing?

    <p>Aryepiglottic and transverse arytenoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the palatoglossus muscles in bolus formation?

    <p>To relax and open the oropharyngeal isthmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the process of swallowing take from the oropharynx to the stomach?

    <p>2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx during swallowing?

    <p>To prevent food or drink from entering the glottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of swallowing does the soft palate rise?

    <p>Buccal phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the larynx during the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

    <p>It is elevated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sphincter in the upper oesophageal phase of swallowing?

    <p>It constricts to allow the bolus to pass downwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step in the swallowing process?

    <p>The hyoid bone and larynx return to their usual position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that drives the bolus down the oesophagus?

    <p>Peristalsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows for 6 types of movements in the TMJ cavity?

    <p>The articular disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT found in the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>The trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

    <p>Innervation of the muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins anastomoses with the facial vein?

    <p>The pterygoid plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the VAN in relation to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Venous drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is supplied by the mandibular nerve in addition to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Buccinator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Masseter muscle during mastication?

    <p>Elevation, retrusion, and ipsilateral excursion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles are responsible for raising the pharynx during swallowing?

    <p>Suprahyoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of swallowing does the bolus move from the pharynx to the esophagus?

    <p>Oesophageal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Medial pterygoid muscle during mastication?

    <p>Elevation, protrusion, and contralateral excursion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of blood supply to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles contract to depress the pharynx during swallowing?

    <p>Infrahyoid and lateral pterygoid muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lower compartment of the TMJ?

    <p>Hinge movement between the moving condyle and stationary disc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the maxillary artery?

    <p>Arterial supply to the muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the infratemporal fossa?

    <p>Passage of the maxillary artery and pterygoid plexus of veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the anterior trunk of the mandibular nerve?

    <p>Innervation of the muscles of mastication, buccinator, and mucosa of the floor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pterygoid plexus of veins?

    <p>Venous drainage of the muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the VAN in relation to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Venous drainage of the muscles of mastication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lateral pterygoid muscle during the process of swallowing?

    <p>Depression of the pharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT involved in the buccal stage of swallowing?

    <p>Masseter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing?

    <p>Raising the hyoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary blood supply to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Maxillary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of swallowing does the bolus move from the pharynx to the esophagus?

    <p>Pharyngeal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the temporalis muscle during mastication?

    <p>Elevation and retrusion of the mandible</p> Signup and view all the answers

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