Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which nerve supplies the hamstring muscles and the adductor magnus?
Which nerve supplies the hamstring muscles and the adductor magnus?
What action do the biceps femoris long head and semitendinosus both perform?
What action do the biceps femoris long head and semitendinosus both perform?
Which muscle does NOT perform hip extension?
Which muscle does NOT perform hip extension?
What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?
What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?
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Which arteries contribute to the vascular supply of the hamstring muscles?
Which arteries contribute to the vascular supply of the hamstring muscles?
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Which nerve runs superficial to the popliteal vein and gives off the sural nerve?
Which nerve runs superficial to the popliteal vein and gives off the sural nerve?
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What is the primary artery that continues from the femoral artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus?
What is the primary artery that continues from the femoral artery as it passes through the adductor hiatus?
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Which structure runs lateral to the popliteal fossa and passes around the lateral neck of the fibula?
Which structure runs lateral to the popliteal fossa and passes around the lateral neck of the fibula?
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Which vein drains into the popliteal vein?
Which vein drains into the popliteal vein?
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What structure provides a roof to the popliteal fossa?
What structure provides a roof to the popliteal fossa?
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Study Notes
Hamstring Muscles
- Composed of semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris.
- Originates from ischial tuberosity; inserts into superior tibia or fibula (except adductor magnus).
- Muscles have slender bellies and primarily extend the hip and flex the knee.
- Innervation through the sciatic nerve.
Semitendinosus
- Long slender tendon arising from medial posterior ischial tuberosity.
- Inserts into superior medial tibia, behind sartorius and gracilis (pes anserinus).
- Functions to extend hip and flex knee.
Semimembranosus
- Larger muscle belly characterized by a flattened, membranous tendon.
- Originates from lateral posterior ischial tuberosity; inserts into the groove on the posterior medial tibial condyle and lateral femoral condyle via capsular attachment.
- Action includes extending the hip and flexing the knee.
Biceps Femoris
- Two heads: Long head from posteromedial ischial tuberosity; Short head from lateral lip of linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line.
- Inserts via a common tendon into the head of the fibula.
- Both heads flex the knee; the long head extends the hip.
Adductor Magnus
- Originates from ischial tuberosity; inserts into the adductor tubercle of the femur.
- Primarily extends the hip joint.
Sciatic Nerve
- Arises from L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 of the sacral plexus.
- Emerges below piriformis muscle through the greater sciatic foramen.
- Provides branches to the hamstrings in the posterior thigh.
- Divides into tibial and common fibular nerves.
Tibial Nerve
- Runs through the popliteal fossa, supplying posterior leg and foot muscles.
- Gives off sural nerve, superficial to gastrocnemius.
- Located deeper than the popliteal vein.
Common Fibular Nerve
- Located along the lateral side of the fossa next to the biceps femoris tendon.
- Passes around the lateral neck of the fibula, supplying muscles of the lateral and anterior leg, as well as the dorsum of the foot.
Popliteal Fossa
- Diamond-shaped space behind the knee, bounded superolaterally by biceps femoris and superomedially by semimembranosus and semitendinosus.
- Inferomedial and inferolateral boundaries consist of the two heads of the gastrocnemius.
- Contains popliteal artery, vein, tibial and common fibular nerves, fat, and lymph nodes.
Popliteal Artery and Vein
- The popliteal artery is a continuation of the femoral artery, dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
- Supplies genicular branches forming an anastomosis around the knee joint.
- The popliteal vein is formed from anterior and posterior tibial veins and lies superficial to the artery.
Lymphatics
- The fossa contains fat and lymph nodes, which receive lymph from deep leg structures and skin.
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Description
This quiz covers the anatomy and functions of the hamstring muscles, including the semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris, along with the adductor magnus. You'll explore their origins, insertions, actions, and nerve supply. Test your knowledge of these critical muscles involved in hip extension and knee flexion.
