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Questions and Answers
Which nerve supplies the peroneus longus muscle?
What is the action of the gastrocnemius muscle?
Which muscle originates from the popliteal surface of the femur above lateral condyle?
What is the insertion point of the tibialis anterior muscle?
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Which muscle is NOT a hamstring muscle?
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What is the action of the Popliteus muscle?
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Which nerve supplies the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?
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What is the origin of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?
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Which muscle is responsible for flexion of all joints of the big toe?
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What is the insertion point of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?
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What is the action of the Plantaris muscle?
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Study Notes
Hamstring Muscles
- Biceps femoris:
- Origin: Upper part of medial surface of tibia
- Insertion: Fibula
- Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
- Action: Flexion and lateral rotation of knee
- Semitendinosus:
- Origin: Upper lateral part of ischeal tuberosity
- Insertion: Groove on back of medial condyle of tibia and capsule of knee joint
- Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
- Action: Flexion and medial rotation of knee
- Semimembranosus:
- Origin: Upper lateral part of ischeal tuberosity
- Insertion: Groove on back of medial condyle of tibia and capsule of knee joint
- Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
- Action: Flexion and medial rotation of knee
Anterior Compartment Muscles
- Tibialis Anterior:
- Origin: Upper 1⁄2of lateral surface of tibia
- Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal bone
- Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
- Action: Dorsiflexion and foot inversion
- Extensor Hallucis Longus:
- Origin: Middle 2⁄4 of anterior surface of fibula
- Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe
- Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
- Action: Extension of M/P and I/P joints of big toe + dorsiflexion
- Extensor Digitorum Longus:
- Origin: Upper 3⁄4 of anterior surface of fibula
- Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
- Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
- Action: Extension of M/P and I/P joints of lateral 4 toes + dorsiflexion
Lateral Compartment Muscles
- Peroneus Tertius:
- Origin: Lower 1⁄4of anterior surface of fibula
- Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal bone
- Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
- Action: Dorsiflexion and foot eversion
Peroneal Muscles
- Peroneus Longus:
- Origin: Upper 2⁄3 of lateral surface of fibula
- Insertion: Lateral side of base of 1st metatarsal bone
- Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (superficial peroneal nerve)
- Action: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot
- Peroneus Brevis:
- Origin: Lower 2⁄3 of lateral surface of fibula
- Insertion: Tuberosity at base of 5th metatarsal bone
- Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (superficial peroneal nerve)
- Action: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot
Posterior Compartment Muscles
- Gastrocnemius:
- Origin: Lateral head: lateral condyle of the femur, Medial head: popliteal surface of the femur above medial condyle
- Insertion: Tendocalcaneous (Achilles) into middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneous
- Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
- Action: Plantar flexion of foot
- Soleus:
- Origin: Horse-shoe shaped origin from upper 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, tendinous arch between tibia and fibula, and soleal line of tibia
- Insertion: Tendocalcaneous (Achilles) into middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneous
- Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
- Action: Plantar flexion of foot
- Plantaris:
- Origin: Popliteal surface of femur above lateral condyle
- Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneous medial to tendocalcaneous
- Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
- Action: Weak plantar flexor of foot (may be absent)
- Popliteus:
- Origin: Popliteal groove of lateral condyle of femur
- Insertion: Triangular area of post.of tibia above soleal line
- Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
- Action: Unlocking the knee by initial medial rotation of tibia below the femur at the beginning of flexion
Deep Posterior Compartment Muscles
- Flexor Digitorum Longus:
- Origin: Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia below soleal line medial to vertical ridge
- Insertion: Tendon divides to 4 slips to inserted into terminal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
- Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
- Action: Flexion of M/P and I/P joints of lateral 4 toes
- Flexor Hallucis Longus:
- Origin: Lower 3⁄4 of posterior surface of fibula lateral to medial crest
- Insertion: Base of terminal phalanx of big toe
- Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
- Action: Flexion for all joints of big toe
- Tibialis Posterior:
- Origin: -Back of tibia lateral to vertical ridge, -Back of fibula infront of medial crest, -Posterior surface of interosseous membrane
- Insertion: Medial part into navicular tuberosity and medial cuniform bone, Lateral part into all of tarsal bones except talus and base of 2,3,4 metatarsals
- Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
- Action: Not mentioned
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Description
Quiz on the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions of hamstring muscles, including semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris.
