Hamstring Muscles Anatomy and Function

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Questions and Answers

Which nerve supplies the peroneus longus muscle?

  • Musculocutaneous nerve
  • Anterior tibial nerve
  • Superficial peroneal nerve (correct)
  • Sciatic nerve

What is the action of the gastrocnemius muscle?

  • Flexion and medial rotation of knee
  • Eversion and plantar flexion of foot
  • Dorsiflexion and foot inversion
  • Plantar flexion of foot (correct)

Which muscle originates from the popliteal surface of the femur above lateral condyle?

  • Semitendinosus
  • Plantaris (correct)
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Peroneus longus

What is the insertion point of the tibialis anterior muscle?

<p>Base of 1st metatarsal bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is NOT a hamstring muscle?

<p>Tibialis anterior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Popliteus muscle?

<p>Unlocking the knee by initial medial rotation of tibia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve supplies the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

<p>Posterior tibial nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the origin of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for flexion of all joints of the big toe?

<p>Flexor Hallucis Longus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the insertion point of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

<p>Terminal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of the Plantaris muscle?

<p>Weak plantar flexor of foot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Hamstring Muscles

  • Biceps femoris:
    • Origin: Upper part of medial surface of tibia
    • Insertion: Fibula
    • Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
    • Action: Flexion and lateral rotation of knee
  • Semitendinosus:
    • Origin: Upper lateral part of ischeal tuberosity
    • Insertion: Groove on back of medial condyle of tibia and capsule of knee joint
    • Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
    • Action: Flexion and medial rotation of knee
  • Semimembranosus:
    • Origin: Upper lateral part of ischeal tuberosity
    • Insertion: Groove on back of medial condyle of tibia and capsule of knee joint
    • Nerve supply: Sciatic nerve
    • Action: Flexion and medial rotation of knee

Anterior Compartment Muscles

  • Tibialis Anterior:
    • Origin: Upper 1⁄2of lateral surface of tibia
    • Insertion: Base of 1st metatarsal bone
    • Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
    • Action: Dorsiflexion and foot inversion
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus:
    • Origin: Middle 2⁄4 of anterior surface of fibula
    • Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of big toe
    • Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
    • Action: Extension of M/P and I/P joints of big toe + dorsiflexion
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus:
    • Origin: Upper 3⁄4 of anterior surface of fibula
    • Insertion: Base of middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
    • Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
    • Action: Extension of M/P and I/P joints of lateral 4 toes + dorsiflexion

Lateral Compartment Muscles

  • Peroneus Tertius:
    • Origin: Lower 1⁄4of anterior surface of fibula
    • Insertion: Base of 5th metatarsal bone
    • Nerve supply: Deep peroneal nerve
    • Action: Dorsiflexion and foot eversion

Peroneal Muscles

  • Peroneus Longus:
    • Origin: Upper 2⁄3 of lateral surface of fibula
    • Insertion: Lateral side of base of 1st metatarsal bone
    • Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (superficial peroneal nerve)
    • Action: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot
  • Peroneus Brevis:
    • Origin: Lower 2⁄3 of lateral surface of fibula
    • Insertion: Tuberosity at base of 5th metatarsal bone
    • Nerve supply: Musculocutaneous nerve (superficial peroneal nerve)
    • Action: Eversion and plantar flexion of foot

Posterior Compartment Muscles

  • Gastrocnemius:
    • Origin: Lateral head: lateral condyle of the femur, Medial head: popliteal surface of the femur above medial condyle
    • Insertion: Tendocalcaneous (Achilles) into middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneous
    • Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
    • Action: Plantar flexion of foot
  • Soleus:
    • Origin: Horse-shoe shaped origin from upper 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, tendinous arch between tibia and fibula, and soleal line of tibia
    • Insertion: Tendocalcaneous (Achilles) into middle 1/3 of posterior surface of calcaneous
    • Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
    • Action: Plantar flexion of foot
  • Plantaris:
    • Origin: Popliteal surface of femur above lateral condyle
    • Insertion: Posterior surface of calcaneous medial to tendocalcaneous
    • Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
    • Action: Weak plantar flexor of foot (may be absent)
  • Popliteus:
    • Origin: Popliteal groove of lateral condyle of femur
    • Insertion: Triangular area of post.of tibia above soleal line
    • Nerve supply: Medial popliteal (tibial) nerve
    • Action: Unlocking the knee by initial medial rotation of tibia below the femur at the beginning of flexion

Deep Posterior Compartment Muscles

  • Flexor Digitorum Longus:
    • Origin: Middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia below soleal line medial to vertical ridge
    • Insertion: Tendon divides to 4 slips to inserted into terminal phalanges of lateral 4 toes
    • Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
    • Action: Flexion of M/P and I/P joints of lateral 4 toes
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus:
    • Origin: Lower 3⁄4 of posterior surface of fibula lateral to medial crest
    • Insertion: Base of terminal phalanx of big toe
    • Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
    • Action: Flexion for all joints of big toe
  • Tibialis Posterior:
    • Origin: -Back of tibia lateral to vertical ridge, -Back of fibula infront of medial crest, -Posterior surface of interosseous membrane
    • Insertion: Medial part into navicular tuberosity and medial cuniform bone, Lateral part into all of tarsal bones except talus and base of 2,3,4 metatarsals
    • Nerve supply: Posterior tibial nerve
    • Action: Not mentioned

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