2. Lower Extremity Hip muscles

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus?

Abducts the thigh

Adducts the thigh

Flexes the thigh

Extends the thigh (correct)

Which nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius?

Obturator nerve

Femoral nerve

Inferior gluteal nerve

Superior gluteal nerve (correct)

What clinical sign may indicate a weakness in the Gluteus Medius?

Trendelenburg sign (correct)

Hip flexor tightness

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Anterior pelvic tilt

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Gluteus Maximus?

Adduction of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Where does the iliotibial tract insert?

Lateral tibial condyle Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily involved in abducting and rotating the thigh?

Gluteus Medius Signup and view all the answers

Which stabilizing function is performed by the Gluteus Medius during ambulation?

Levels the pelvis when the opposite leg is raised Signup and view all the answers

What is a common exercise to strengthen the Gluteus Maximus?

Step-ups Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh and steadies the head of the femur?

Quadratus Femoris Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary innervation for the Obturator Externus muscle?

Obturator Nerve (posterior division) - L3, L4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is NOT considered one of the deep lateral rotators of the thigh?

Psoas Major Signup and view all the answers

In the context of hip muscle injuries, which muscle's injury could significantly affect the stability of the hip joint?

Quadratus Femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exercises is most beneficial for strengthening the deep lateral rotators of the hip?

Clamshell Exercise Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the gluteus medius?

Abduction of the thigh Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?

Superior gluteal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the femoral head in the acetabulum?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is responsible for lateral rotation of the extended thigh?

Piriformis Signup and view all the answers

In which posture does the gluteus medius play a critical role in stabilization during gait?

Standing on one leg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions does the gluteus minimus NOT contribute to?

Flexion of the hip Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign is associated with weakness in the gluteus medius?

Trendelenburg gait Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gluteus medius in the close chain movement?

Abduction of the pelvis Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lower Extremity: Hip Muscles

The hip muscles are a complex group of muscles responsible for various movements of the lower extremity.
This presentation focuses on the anatomy, actions, and innervation of these muscles.

Gluteus Maximus

Origin: Posterior ilium, posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum, and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: Iliotibial tract (inserts on lateral tibia condyle), some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur
Action: Extends thigh, extends trunk when legs are fixed, and assists in lateral rotation of the thigh
Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Gluteus Medius

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
Action: Abducts and rotates thigh; abduction of pelvis (closed chain), levels pelvis when opposite leg is raised, strength deficits lead to a pelvic drop gait (Trendelenburg sign/gait)
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Gluteus Minimus

Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; abduction of pelvis (closed chain)
Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)

Piriformis

Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament (exits greater sciatic foramen)
Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
Action: Lateral rotation of extended/neutral thigh, abducts (and internally rotates when intervening) when the thigh is flexed, steadies the femoral head in acetabulum
Innervation: Nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)

Superior Gemellus

Origin: Ischial spine
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter with inferior gemelli & obturator internus at trochanteric fossa
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femur
Innervation: Superior gemelli - Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemelli (L5, S1)

Inferior Gemellus

Origin: Ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter with superior gemelli & obturator internus at trochanteric fossa
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femur
Innervation: Inferior gemelli - Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemelli (L5, S1)

Quadratus Femoris

Origin: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur, just inferior to it
Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh; steadies femoral head
Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5,S1)

Obturator Internus

Origin: Pelvic surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding pelvis bones
Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter of the femur, blending with the gemellus ms. insertion at trochanteric fossa
Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head
Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1)

Obturator Externus

Origin: Margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane
Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
Action: Lateral rotation of thigh, steadies head of the femur, secondary adduction
Innervation: Obturator nerve (post division) – L3, L4

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Description

Explore the anatomy, actions, and innervation of the hip muscles, focusing on the gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Understanding these muscles is essential for comprehending lower extremity movements and overall body mechanics.