Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus?
What is the primary action of the Gluteus Maximus?
- Abducts the thigh
- Adducts the thigh
- Flexes the thigh
- Extends the thigh (correct)
Which nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius?
Which nerve innervates the Gluteus Medius?
- Obturator nerve
- Femoral nerve
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Superior gluteal nerve (correct)
What clinical sign may indicate a weakness in the Gluteus Medius?
What clinical sign may indicate a weakness in the Gluteus Medius?
- Trendelenburg sign (correct)
- Hip flexor tightness
- Patellofemoral pain syndrome
- Anterior pelvic tilt
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Gluteus Maximus?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the Gluteus Maximus?
Where does the iliotibial tract insert?
Where does the iliotibial tract insert?
Which muscle is primarily involved in abducting and rotating the thigh?
Which muscle is primarily involved in abducting and rotating the thigh?
Which stabilizing function is performed by the Gluteus Medius during ambulation?
Which stabilizing function is performed by the Gluteus Medius during ambulation?
What is a common exercise to strengthen the Gluteus Maximus?
What is a common exercise to strengthen the Gluteus Maximus?
Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh and steadies the head of the femur?
Which muscle is responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh and steadies the head of the femur?
What is the primary innervation for the Obturator Externus muscle?
What is the primary innervation for the Obturator Externus muscle?
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered one of the deep lateral rotators of the thigh?
Which of the following muscles is NOT considered one of the deep lateral rotators of the thigh?
In the context of hip muscle injuries, which muscle's injury could significantly affect the stability of the hip joint?
In the context of hip muscle injuries, which muscle's injury could significantly affect the stability of the hip joint?
Which of the following exercises is most beneficial for strengthening the deep lateral rotators of the hip?
Which of the following exercises is most beneficial for strengthening the deep lateral rotators of the hip?
What is the primary action of the gluteus medius?
What is the primary action of the gluteus medius?
Which nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?
Which nerve innervates the gluteus minimus?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the femoral head in the acetabulum?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for stabilizing the femoral head in the acetabulum?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for lateral rotation of the extended thigh?
Which of the following muscles is responsible for lateral rotation of the extended thigh?
In which posture does the gluteus medius play a critical role in stabilization during gait?
In which posture does the gluteus medius play a critical role in stabilization during gait?
Which of the following actions does the gluteus minimus NOT contribute to?
Which of the following actions does the gluteus minimus NOT contribute to?
Which clinical sign is associated with weakness in the gluteus medius?
Which clinical sign is associated with weakness in the gluteus medius?
What is the role of the gluteus medius in the close chain movement?
What is the role of the gluteus medius in the close chain movement?
Flashcards
Gluteus Maximus Origin
Gluteus Maximus Origin
The Gluteus Maximus originates from the posterior ilium, posterior gluteal line, dorsal sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Gluteus Maximus Insertion
Gluteus Maximus Insertion
The Gluteus Maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract (inserting on the lateral tibia condyle) and some fibers to the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
Gluteus Maximus Action
Gluteus Maximus Action
The Gluteus Maximus extends the thigh, extends the trunk (when legs are fixed), and assists in lateral rotation of the thigh.
Gluteus Maximus Innervation
Gluteus Maximus Innervation
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Gluteus Medius Origin
Gluteus Medius Origin
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Gluteus Medius Insertion
Gluteus Medius Insertion
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Gluteus Medius Action (Anterior)
Gluteus Medius Action (Anterior)
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Gluteus Medius Action (Posterior)
Gluteus Medius Action (Posterior)
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Trendelenburg Gait
Trendelenburg Gait
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Gluteus Medius Innervation
Gluteus Medius Innervation
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Quadratus Femoris Muscle Origin
Quadratus Femoris Muscle Origin
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Quadratus Femoris Muscle Insertion
Quadratus Femoris Muscle Insertion
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Obturator Externus Muscle Origin
Obturator Externus Muscle Origin
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Obturator Externus Muscle Insertion
Obturator Externus Muscle Insertion
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Obturator Externus Muscle Action
Obturator Externus Muscle Action
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Deep Lateral Rotators of the Thigh
Deep Lateral Rotators of the Thigh
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Gluteus Medius Origin
Gluteus Medius Origin
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Gluteus Medius Insertion
Gluteus Medius Insertion
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Gluteus Medius Action (Anterior)
Gluteus Medius Action (Anterior)
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Gluteus Medius Action (Posterior)
Gluteus Medius Action (Posterior)
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Trendelenburg Gait
Trendelenburg Gait
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Gluteus Medius Innervation
Gluteus Medius Innervation
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Gluteus Minimus Origin
Gluteus Minimus Origin
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Gluteus Minimus Insertion
Gluteus Minimus Insertion
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Piriformis Origin
Piriformis Origin
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Piriformis Insertion
Piriformis Insertion
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Study Notes
Lower Extremity: Hip Muscles
- The hip muscles are a complex group of muscles responsible for various movements of the lower extremity.
- This presentation focuses on the anatomy, actions, and innervation of these muscles.
Gluteus Maximus
- Origin: Posterior ilium, posterior gluteal line, dorsal surface of sacrum, and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
- Insertion: Iliotibial tract (inserts on lateral tibia condyle), some fibers to gluteal tuberosity of femur
- Action: Extends thigh, extends trunk when legs are fixed, and assists in lateral rotation of the thigh
- Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Gluteus Medius
- Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter of the femur
- Action: Abducts and rotates thigh; abduction of pelvis (closed chain), levels pelvis when opposite leg is raised, strength deficits lead to a pelvic drop gait (Trendelenburg sign/gait)
- Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus
- Origin: External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
- Insertion: Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh; abduction of pelvis (closed chain)
- Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1)
Piriformis
- Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament (exits greater sciatic foramen)
- Insertion: Superior border of greater trochanter of femur
- Action: Lateral rotation of extended/neutral thigh, abducts (and internally rotates when intervening) when the thigh is flexed, steadies the femoral head in acetabulum
- Innervation: Nerve to piriformis (S1, S2)
Superior Gemellus
- Origin: Ischial spine
- Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter with inferior gemelli & obturator internus at trochanteric fossa
- Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femur
- Innervation: Superior gemelli - Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemelli (L5, S1)
Inferior Gemellus
- Origin: Ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter with superior gemelli & obturator internus at trochanteric fossa
- Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femur
- Innervation: Inferior gemelli - Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemelli (L5, S1)
Quadratus Femoris
- Origin: Lateral border of the ischial tuberosity
- Insertion: Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur, just inferior to it
- Action: Lateral rotation of the thigh; steadies femoral head
- Innervation: Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus (L5,S1)
Obturator Internus
- Origin: Pelvic surface of the obturator membrane and surrounding pelvis bones
- Insertion: Medial surface of greater trochanter of the femur, blending with the gemellus ms. insertion at trochanteric fossa
- Action: Lateral rotation of extended thigh, abducts flexed thigh, steadies femoral head
- Innervation: Nerve to obturator internus and superior gemellus (L5, S1)
Obturator Externus
- Origin: Margins of obturator foramen & obturator membrane
- Insertion: Trochanteric fossa of the femur
- Action: Lateral rotation of thigh, steadies head of the femur, secondary adduction
- Innervation: Obturator nerve (post division) – L3, L4
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