Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the result of the deltoids' action without the force of the supraspinatus?
What is the result of the deltoids' action without the force of the supraspinatus?
- External rotation of the shoulder
- Impingement of the head with the acromion (correct)
- Elevation of the arm
- Stabilization of the scapula in ADD and GH extension
Which muscle is a major isometric moment of the shoulder?
Which muscle is a major isometric moment of the shoulder?
- Teres major
- Latissimus dorsi (correct)
- Rhomboids
- Subscapularis
What is the function of the rhomboids during ADD and GH extension?
What is the function of the rhomboids during ADD and GH extension?
- External rotation of the shoulder
- Internal rotation of the shoulder
- Stabilization of the scapula in ADD and GH extension (correct)
- Elevation of the arm
Which muscle is an external rotator of the shoulder?
Which muscle is an external rotator of the shoulder?
What is the movement that occurs during internal rotation of the shoulder?
What is the movement that occurs during internal rotation of the shoulder?
Which muscle is a synergist during external rotation of the shoulder?
Which muscle is a synergist during external rotation of the shoulder?
What is the result of the action of the muscles that move in ADD and EXTEND the shoulder?
What is the result of the action of the muscles that move in ADD and EXTEND the shoulder?
Which muscle is an internal rotator of the shoulder?
Which muscle is an internal rotator of the shoulder?
What is the primary function of the scapulothoracic joint during shoulder flexion?
What is the primary function of the scapulothoracic joint during shoulder flexion?
What is the movement limit of the Coracohumeral Ligament during shoulder flexion?
What is the movement limit of the Coracohumeral Ligament during shoulder flexion?
Which muscle is responsible for external rotation of the shoulder during the second stage of global abduction?
Which muscle is responsible for external rotation of the shoulder during the second stage of global abduction?
What is the result of contralateral latissimus dorsi contraction during shoulder flexion?
What is the result of contralateral latissimus dorsi contraction during shoulder flexion?
What is the primary function of the rhomboids and middle trapezius during shoulder extension?
What is the primary function of the rhomboids and middle trapezius during shoulder extension?
What is the range of motion for the first stage of global abduction?
What is the range of motion for the first stage of global abduction?
What is the result of bilateral spinal muscle contraction during shoulder flexion?
What is the result of bilateral spinal muscle contraction during shoulder flexion?
What is the primary muscle responsible for global adduction?
What is the primary muscle responsible for global adduction?
Which muscle is not involved in external rotation?
Which muscle is not involved in external rotation?
What happens to the Coracohumeral Ligament during external rotation?
What happens to the Coracohumeral Ligament during external rotation?
Which ligament relaxes during adduction?
Which ligament relaxes during adduction?
Which muscle is involved in scapular adduction?
Which muscle is involved in scapular adduction?
What is the range of motion for internal rotation?
What is the range of motion for internal rotation?
Which muscle is involved in shoulder abduction?
Which muscle is involved in shoulder abduction?
What is the maximum abduction angle in the plane of the scapula?
What is the maximum abduction angle in the plane of the scapula?
Which muscle is not involved in muscle elevation?
Which muscle is not involved in muscle elevation?
Which muscle is NOT an elevator of the scapula?
Which muscle is NOT an elevator of the scapula?
Which of the following muscles is a protractor of the scapula?
Which of the following muscles is a protractor of the scapula?
Which muscle has a dual role as both a synergist and antagonist in scapular movement?
Which muscle has a dual role as both a synergist and antagonist in scapular movement?
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle in scapular movement?
What is the function of the latissimus dorsi muscle in scapular movement?
Which muscle is involved in external rotation of the shoulder?
Which muscle is involved in external rotation of the shoulder?
What is the function of the pectoral minor muscle in scapular movement?
What is the function of the pectoral minor muscle in scapular movement?
Which muscle is NOT involved in upward rotation of the scapula?
Which muscle is NOT involved in upward rotation of the scapula?
What is the primary function of the rhomboids and lower trapezius muscles in scapular movement?
What is the primary function of the rhomboids and lower trapezius muscles in scapular movement?
What is unique about the saddle joint?
What is unique about the saddle joint?
What is the range of motion for internal rotation in the glenohumeral joint?
What is the range of motion for internal rotation in the glenohumeral joint?
What is the result of posterior capsular tension in glenohumeral flexion?
What is the result of posterior capsular tension in glenohumeral flexion?
What is the importance of supraspinatus action in abduction?
What is the importance of supraspinatus action in abduction?
What is the advantage of scapular plane abduction over frontal plane abduction?
What is the advantage of scapular plane abduction over frontal plane abduction?
What is the result of not having a gliding component during abduction?
What is the result of not having a gliding component during abduction?
What is the range of motion for external rotation in the glenohumeral joint?
What is the range of motion for external rotation in the glenohumeral joint?
What is the fixed point in glenohumeral flexion?
What is the fixed point in glenohumeral flexion?
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Study Notes
Global Flexion
- 3 stages: 0º-30º, 30º-120º, and 120º-180º
- In the first stage, motor muscles involved are anterior deltoids, coracobrachialis, and clavicular pectoralis major
- In the second stage, upward rotation of the scapula occurs, with ACj and SCCj participation, and motor muscles involved are serratus major, upper trapezius, and previous muscles
- In the third stage, shoulder joint lock occurs, and spinal intervention begins
Global Abduction
- 3 stages: 0º-90º, 90º-150º, and 150º-180º
- In the first stage, motor muscles involved are deltoids, especially the middle fasciculus and supraspinatus
- In the second stage, upward rotation of the scapula occurs, with axial rotation AC and SCC, and motor muscles involved are serratus and upper trapezius
- In the third stage, contralateral tilt of the spine occurs due to contraction of the spinal muscles of the opposite side
Global Extension
- 45º-55º
- Involved muscles are scapulohumeral and scapulothoracic
- Scapulohumeral motor muscles include post deltoid, teres major and minor
- Scapulothoracic motor muscles include rhomboids, middle trapezius, and latissimus dorsi
Global Adduction
- 30º-45º
- Motor muscles involved are GHj flex, arthrokinematics controllers, coaptation force, and without the force of the supraspinatus, the predominant action of the deltoids equals impingement of the head with the acromion
Muscular Actions
- Muscles of the scapulothoracic joint include rhomboids, stabilizing the scapula in ADD and GH extension, and all rotator cuff muscles being active during this movement
- Muscles that elevate the arm include upper trapezius, levator scapulae, and rhomboids
- Muscles that move in ADD and extend the shoulder include latissimus dorsi, sternocostal portion pectoralis major, teres major, triceps long head, posterior deltoid, infraspinatus, and teres minor
- Muscles that internally and externally rotate the shoulder include subscapularis, anterior deltoid, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres minor, infraspinatus, and posterior deltoid
Movement Limits
- Coracohumeral ligament strain occurs
- Ligaments involved include coracohumeral and glenohumeral
- Coracohumeral ligament has lesser tubercle fasciculus extension, greater tubercle fasciculus flexion, and abduction relaxes and adduction tenses, external rotation tenses and internal rotation relaxes
- Glenohumeral ligament has ABD tension in lower and middle fascicles, ADD relaxes superior fascicle, and external rotation tenses all three fascicles and internal rotation relaxes all
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