Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the study of internal structure of flowering plants known as?
What is the study of internal structure of flowering plants known as?
Anatomy
What are the two main types of angiosperms studied in plant anatomy?
What are the two main types of angiosperms studied in plant anatomy?
Meristematic tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells.
Meristematic tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells.
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tissue undergoes differentiation and performs specialized functions?
Which type of tissue undergoes differentiation and performs specialized functions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of apical meristem?
What is the function of apical meristem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of intercalary meristem?
What is the function of intercalary meristem?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following meristem types based on their origin.
Match the following meristem types based on their origin.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of promeristem?
What is the function of promeristem?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of simple permanent tissues?
What is the main function of simple permanent tissues?
Signup and view all the answers
Parenchyma is a dead tissue.
Parenchyma is a dead tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of parenchyma tissue?
What is the main function of parenchyma tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of parenchyma tissue contains chloroplasts?
What type of parenchyma tissue contains chloroplasts?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is collenchyma typically found in dicot stems?
Where is collenchyma typically found in dicot stems?
Signup and view all the answers
Sclerenchyma is a living tissue.
Sclerenchyma is a living tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main component of sclerenchyma cell walls?
What is the main component of sclerenchyma cell walls?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main types of sclerenchyma cells?
What are the two main types of sclerenchyma cells?
Signup and view all the answers
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell.
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of tissue is xylem?
What type of tissue is xylem?
Signup and view all the answers
Phloem tissue is made up of dead cells.
Phloem tissue is made up of dead cells.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
Signup and view all the answers
Xylem parenchyma is a living tissue.
Xylem parenchyma is a living tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two main types of xylem?
What are the two main types of xylem?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of phloem is formed during primary growth?
Which type of phloem is formed during primary growth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the companion cells in phloem?
What is the function of the companion cells in phloem?
Signup and view all the answers
Phloem fibers are only found in secondary phloem.
Phloem fibers are only found in secondary phloem.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three main types of tissue systems found in plants?
What are the three main types of tissue systems found in plants?
Signup and view all the answers
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the plant.
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the plant.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the cuticle in the epidermis?
What is the function of the cuticle in the epidermis?
Signup and view all the answers
Root hairs are multicellular structures.
Root hairs are multicellular structures.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of trichomes on the stem?
What is the function of trichomes on the stem?
Signup and view all the answers
Stomata are found on both the upper and lower surfaces of dicot leaves.
Stomata are found on both the upper and lower surfaces of dicot leaves.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of stomata?
What is the main function of stomata?
Signup and view all the answers
Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing the stomata.
Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing the stomata.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the ground tissue system?
What is the main function of the ground tissue system?
Signup and view all the answers
The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex.
The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericycle?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericycle?
Signup and view all the answers
The pith is usually absent in monocot stems.
The pith is usually absent in monocot stems.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the vascular tissue system?
What is the main function of the vascular tissue system?
Signup and view all the answers
Vascular bundles are typically arranged in a radial pattern in the root.
Vascular bundles are typically arranged in a radial pattern in the root.
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of vascular bundle has both xylem and phloem on the same radius?
Which type of vascular bundle has both xylem and phloem on the same radius?
Signup and view all the answers
The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth in dicot stems.
The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth in dicot stems.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between endarch and exarch xylem?
What is the difference between endarch and exarch xylem?
Signup and view all the answers
The pith is well developed in dicot roots, but not in monocot roots.
The pith is well developed in dicot roots, but not in monocot roots.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference between the internal structure of a dicot stem and a monocot stem?
What is the main difference between the internal structure of a dicot stem and a monocot stem?
Signup and view all the answers
Monocot roots have a single layer of epidermis, while dicot roots have multiple layers.
Monocot roots have a single layer of epidermis, while dicot roots have multiple layers.
Signup and view all the answers
The hypodermis in dicot stems is usually made up of sclerenchyma tissue.
The hypodermis in dicot stems is usually made up of sclerenchyma tissue.
Signup and view all the answers
The vascular bundles in dicot stems are typically open, while those in monocot stems are typically closed.
The vascular bundles in dicot stems are typically open, while those in monocot stems are typically closed.
Signup and view all the answers
The protoxylem in dicot roots disintegrates during secondary growth.
The protoxylem in dicot roots disintegrates during secondary growth.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of the cucurbita stem?
Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of the cucurbita stem?
Signup and view all the answers
The number of xylem vessels in monocot stems is generally more than those in dicot stems.
The number of xylem vessels in monocot stems is generally more than those in dicot stems.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the schizogenous cavity in monocot stems?
What is the significance of the schizogenous cavity in monocot stems?
Signup and view all the answers
Monocot stems are typically iso-bilateral in anatomical structure, while dicot leaves are typically dorsi-ventral.
Monocot stems are typically iso-bilateral in anatomical structure, while dicot leaves are typically dorsi-ventral.
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the role of the sclerenchyma patches in monocot leaves.
Describe the role of the sclerenchyma patches in monocot leaves.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main difference in the arrangement of the vascular bundles in dicot and monocot leaves?
What is the main difference in the arrangement of the vascular bundles in dicot and monocot leaves?
Signup and view all the answers
The vascular bundles of a monocot root are typically arranged in a radial pattern.
The vascular bundles of a monocot root are typically arranged in a radial pattern.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the casparian strips in a root?
What is the main function of the casparian strips in a root?
Signup and view all the answers
The vascular bundles in a dicot root are typically bicollateral.
The vascular bundles in a dicot root are typically bicollateral.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a unique adaptation seen in the roots of epiphytes?
Which of the following is a unique adaptation seen in the roots of epiphytes?
Signup and view all the answers
The root hairs in a dicot root are generally shorter and finer than those in a monocot root.
The root hairs in a dicot root are generally shorter and finer than those in a monocot root.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Study of internal structure, focusing on angiosperms (dicots and monocots)
Tissues
- Groups of cells having common origin and function
- Meristematic tissue: actively dividing cells, thin walled, no stored food, continuously dividing (undifferentiated)
- Permanent tissue: cells do not divide further, undergo differentiation to perform specific functions, mature cells, contain stored food, thick walls, vacuoles(some may lack) commonly
- Parenchyma: most evolved fundamental tissue, living cells, intercellular spaces, and large vacuoles. Function as storage of food, photosynthesis, buoyancy. Modifications like chlorenchyma (photosynthesis), and aerenchyma (air cavity).
- Collenchyma: living cells, mechanical support, thickening in corners, usually oval or spherical, intercellular spaces absent, frequently below epidermis in stems/leaf margins, provide support in young plant organs.
- Sclerenchyma: hard tissue, dead cells, thick, lignified cell walls, no intercellular spaces, support, elongated or polygonal structures, found in stems, seed coats, leaves, etc. Further classified based on shape like fibres(elongated) and sclereids (polygonal).
Meristematic Tissue (based on location)
- Apical meristem: at shoot/root tip, responsible for primary growth (lengthening),
- Intercalary meristem: in between permanent tissues, responsible for growth between nodes, for example the grass leaf blades.
- Lateral meristem: on the side, responsible for secondary growth (thickness), two types, vascular cambium and cork cambium
Permanent Tissue
- Simple permanent tissues: made of one type of cells, e.g parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
- Complex permanent tissues: made up of more than one type of cells, xylem and phloem
Xylem
- Dead conducting tissue, responsible for water and minerals conduction, with tracheids, vessels, fibres, and parenchyma
Phloem
- Living conducting tissue, responsible for food translocation, with sieve tubes, companion cells, fibres, and parenchyma.
Tissue Systems
- Epidermal tissue system: outermost layer for protection, secretion, and gas exchange. Includes epidermis, epidermal appendages (root hairs, trichomes), and stomata.
- Ground tissue system: largest, diverse tissues, fills the space between the epidermal and vascular tissue systems. It also includes hypodermis, general cortex, endodermis, pericycle, medullary rays, and pith for support, storage, and other functions.
- Vascular tissue system: consists of xylem and phloem, arranged in vascular bundles. Bundles contribute to the transport of water, minerals, and food throughout the plant. The arrangement of these bundles varies between dicots and monocots: radial in roots, conjoint and collateral in stems, and conjoint and open in stems.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the internal structure of flowering plants, particularly focusing on angiosperms, including the classification and function of various plant tissues. Learn about meristematic, permanent, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma tissues and their roles in plant development.
