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Questions and Answers
What is the study of internal structure of flowering plants known as?
What is the study of internal structure of flowering plants known as?
Anatomy
What are the two main types of angiosperms studied in plant anatomy?
What are the two main types of angiosperms studied in plant anatomy?
- Ferns and Mosses
- Bryophytes and Pteridophytes
- Gymnosperms and Angiosperms
- Dicots and Monocots (correct)
Meristematic tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells.
Meristematic tissue is characterized by actively dividing cells.
Which type of tissue undergoes differentiation and performs specialized functions?
Which type of tissue undergoes differentiation and performs specialized functions?
What is the function of apical meristem?
What is the function of apical meristem?
What is the function of intercalary meristem?
What is the function of intercalary meristem?
Match the following meristem types based on their origin.
Match the following meristem types based on their origin.
What is the function of promeristem?
What is the function of promeristem?
What is the main function of simple permanent tissues?
What is the main function of simple permanent tissues?
Parenchyma is a dead tissue.
Parenchyma is a dead tissue.
What is the main function of parenchyma tissue?
What is the main function of parenchyma tissue?
What type of parenchyma tissue contains chloroplasts?
What type of parenchyma tissue contains chloroplasts?
Where is collenchyma typically found in dicot stems?
Where is collenchyma typically found in dicot stems?
Sclerenchyma is a living tissue.
Sclerenchyma is a living tissue.
What is the main component of sclerenchyma cell walls?
What is the main component of sclerenchyma cell walls?
What are the two main types of sclerenchyma cells?
What are the two main types of sclerenchyma cells?
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell.
Complex permanent tissues are made up of more than one type of cell.
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
What is the main function of xylem tissue?
What type of tissue is xylem?
What type of tissue is xylem?
Phloem tissue is made up of dead cells.
Phloem tissue is made up of dead cells.
Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
Which of the following is NOT a component of xylem?
Xylem parenchyma is a living tissue.
Xylem parenchyma is a living tissue.
What are the two main types of xylem?
What are the two main types of xylem?
Which type of phloem is formed during primary growth?
Which type of phloem is formed during primary growth?
What is the function of the companion cells in phloem?
What is the function of the companion cells in phloem?
Phloem fibers are only found in secondary phloem.
Phloem fibers are only found in secondary phloem.
What are the three main types of tissue systems found in plants?
What are the three main types of tissue systems found in plants?
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the plant.
The epidermis is the outermost layer of the plant.
What is the function of the cuticle in the epidermis?
What is the function of the cuticle in the epidermis?
Root hairs are multicellular structures.
Root hairs are multicellular structures.
What is the function of trichomes on the stem?
What is the function of trichomes on the stem?
Stomata are found on both the upper and lower surfaces of dicot leaves.
Stomata are found on both the upper and lower surfaces of dicot leaves.
What is the main function of stomata?
What is the main function of stomata?
Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing the stomata.
Guard cells are responsible for opening and closing the stomata.
What is the main function of the ground tissue system?
What is the main function of the ground tissue system?
The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex.
The endodermis is the innermost layer of the cortex.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericycle?
Which of the following is NOT a function of the pericycle?
The pith is usually absent in monocot stems.
The pith is usually absent in monocot stems.
What is the main function of the vascular tissue system?
What is the main function of the vascular tissue system?
Vascular bundles are typically arranged in a radial pattern in the root.
Vascular bundles are typically arranged in a radial pattern in the root.
Which type of vascular bundle has both xylem and phloem on the same radius?
Which type of vascular bundle has both xylem and phloem on the same radius?
The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth in dicot stems.
The vascular cambium is responsible for secondary growth in dicot stems.
What is the difference between endarch and exarch xylem?
What is the difference between endarch and exarch xylem?
The pith is well developed in dicot roots, but not in monocot roots.
The pith is well developed in dicot roots, but not in monocot roots.
What is the main difference between the internal structure of a dicot stem and a monocot stem?
What is the main difference between the internal structure of a dicot stem and a monocot stem?
Monocot roots have a single layer of epidermis, while dicot roots have multiple layers.
Monocot roots have a single layer of epidermis, while dicot roots have multiple layers.
The hypodermis in dicot stems is usually made up of sclerenchyma tissue.
The hypodermis in dicot stems is usually made up of sclerenchyma tissue.
The vascular bundles in dicot stems are typically open, while those in monocot stems are typically closed.
The vascular bundles in dicot stems are typically open, while those in monocot stems are typically closed.
The protoxylem in dicot roots disintegrates during secondary growth.
The protoxylem in dicot roots disintegrates during secondary growth.
Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of the cucurbita stem?
Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of the cucurbita stem?
The number of xylem vessels in monocot stems is generally more than those in dicot stems.
The number of xylem vessels in monocot stems is generally more than those in dicot stems.
What is the significance of the schizogenous cavity in monocot stems?
What is the significance of the schizogenous cavity in monocot stems?
Monocot stems are typically iso-bilateral in anatomical structure, while dicot leaves are typically dorsi-ventral.
Monocot stems are typically iso-bilateral in anatomical structure, while dicot leaves are typically dorsi-ventral.
Describe the role of the sclerenchyma patches in monocot leaves.
Describe the role of the sclerenchyma patches in monocot leaves.
What is the main difference in the arrangement of the vascular bundles in dicot and monocot leaves?
What is the main difference in the arrangement of the vascular bundles in dicot and monocot leaves?
The vascular bundles of a monocot root are typically arranged in a radial pattern.
The vascular bundles of a monocot root are typically arranged in a radial pattern.
What is the main function of the casparian strips in a root?
What is the main function of the casparian strips in a root?
The vascular bundles in a dicot root are typically bicollateral.
The vascular bundles in a dicot root are typically bicollateral.
Which of the following is a unique adaptation seen in the roots of epiphytes?
Which of the following is a unique adaptation seen in the roots of epiphytes?
The root hairs in a dicot root are generally shorter and finer than those in a monocot root.
The root hairs in a dicot root are generally shorter and finer than those in a monocot root.
Flashcards
Tissue
Tissue
A group of similar cells with a shared origin, working together to perform a specific function.
Meristematic Tissue
Meristematic Tissue
A type of tissue composed of cells that are actively dividing and undifferentiated. They lack stored food, have thin walls, and no intercellular spaces.
Permanent Tissue
Permanent Tissue
A type of tissue formed from meristematic tissue where cells have stopped dividing and specialized in their functions.
Apical Meristem
Apical Meristem
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Primary Growth
Primary Growth
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Intercalary Meristem
Intercalary Meristem
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Lateral Meristem
Lateral Meristem
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Primary Meristem
Primary Meristem
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Secondary Meristem
Secondary Meristem
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Promeristem
Promeristem
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Differentiation
Differentiation
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De-differentiation
De-differentiation
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Redifferentiation
Redifferentiation
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1° Permanent Tissue
1° Permanent Tissue
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2° Permanent Tissue
2° Permanent Tissue
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Parenchyma
Parenchyma
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Chlorenchyma
Chlorenchyma
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Aerenchyma
Aerenchyma
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Collenchyma
Collenchyma
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Sclerenchyma
Sclerenchyma
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Sclereids
Sclereids
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Sclerenchymatous Fibres
Sclerenchymatous Fibres
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Complex Permanent Tissues
Complex Permanent Tissues
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Xylem
Xylem
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Tracheids
Tracheids
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Vessels (Tracheal)
Vessels (Tracheal)
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Xylem Parenchyma
Xylem Parenchyma
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Phloem
Phloem
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Sieve Tube
Sieve Tube
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Companion cells
Companion cells
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Epidermal Tissue System
Epidermal Tissue System
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Epidermis
Epidermis
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Root hairs
Root hairs
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Trichomes
Trichomes
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Stomata
Stomata
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Stomatal Apparatus
Stomatal Apparatus
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Ground Tissue System
Ground Tissue System
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Vascular Tissue System
Vascular Tissue System
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Study Notes
Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Study of internal structure, focusing on angiosperms (dicots and monocots)
Tissues
- Groups of cells having common origin and function
- Meristematic tissue: actively dividing cells, thin walled, no stored food, continuously dividing (undifferentiated)
- Permanent tissue: cells do not divide further, undergo differentiation to perform specific functions, mature cells, contain stored food, thick walls, vacuoles(some may lack) commonly
- Parenchyma: most evolved fundamental tissue, living cells, intercellular spaces, and large vacuoles. Function as storage of food, photosynthesis, buoyancy. Modifications like chlorenchyma (photosynthesis), and aerenchyma (air cavity).
- Collenchyma: living cells, mechanical support, thickening in corners, usually oval or spherical, intercellular spaces absent, frequently below epidermis in stems/leaf margins, provide support in young plant organs.
- Sclerenchyma: hard tissue, dead cells, thick, lignified cell walls, no intercellular spaces, support, elongated or polygonal structures, found in stems, seed coats, leaves, etc. Further classified based on shape like fibres(elongated) and sclereids (polygonal).
Meristematic Tissue (based on location)
- Apical meristem: at shoot/root tip, responsible for primary growth (lengthening),
- Intercalary meristem: in between permanent tissues, responsible for growth between nodes, for example the grass leaf blades.
- Lateral meristem: on the side, responsible for secondary growth (thickness), two types, vascular cambium and cork cambium
Permanent Tissue
- Simple permanent tissues: made of one type of cells, e.g parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma.
- Complex permanent tissues: made up of more than one type of cells, xylem and phloem
Xylem
- Dead conducting tissue, responsible for water and minerals conduction, with tracheids, vessels, fibres, and parenchyma
Phloem
- Living conducting tissue, responsible for food translocation, with sieve tubes, companion cells, fibres, and parenchyma.
Tissue Systems
- Epidermal tissue system: outermost layer for protection, secretion, and gas exchange. Includes epidermis, epidermal appendages (root hairs, trichomes), and stomata.
- Ground tissue system: largest, diverse tissues, fills the space between the epidermal and vascular tissue systems. It also includes hypodermis, general cortex, endodermis, pericycle, medullary rays, and pith for support, storage, and other functions.
- Vascular tissue system: consists of xylem and phloem, arranged in vascular bundles. Bundles contribute to the transport of water, minerals, and food throughout the plant. The arrangement of these bundles varies between dicots and monocots: radial in roots, conjoint and collateral in stems, and conjoint and open in stems.
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Description
This quiz explores the internal structure of flowering plants, particularly focusing on angiosperms, including the classification and function of various plant tissues. Learn about meristematic, permanent, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma tissues and their roles in plant development.
