26 Questions
What is the location of serratus posterior superior in relation to the rhomboid muscles?
Deep to the rhomboid muscles
What is the innervation of the serratus posterior muscles?
Segmental branches of the anterior rami of intercostal nerves
What is the vascular supply of the serratus posterior muscles?
Segmental pattern through the intercostal arteries
What is the direction of the transversospinales muscles?
Obliquely upward and medially
Which group of muscles is the most superficial in the transversospinales group?
Semispinalis muscles
What is the attachment of the semispinalis muscles?
They begin in the lower thoracic region and end by attaching to the skull
What is the characteristic of the multifidus muscles?
They span the length of the vertebral column, spanning between two and four vertebrae
What is the innervation of the deep or intrinsic muscles of the back?
Segmental branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves
What is the origin of the Splenius capitis muscle?
Lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TIV
Which muscle inserts into the transverse processes of CIV to CVI?
Iliocostalis cervicis
What is the function of the Splenius capitis and Splenius cervicis muscles together?
Draw head backward and extend neck
Which muscle has its origin in the sacrum and spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae?
Iliocostalis lumborum
What is the insertion of the Longissimus capitis muscle?
Posterior margin of the mastoid process
Which muscle group extends the head at the atlantoaxial joint?
Suboccipital muscles
What is the innervation of the Splenius capitis muscle?
Posterior rami middle cervical nerves
Which muscle has its insertion into the spinous processes of TI to TVIII?
Spinalis thoracis
What is the function of the Splenius cervicis muscle individually?
Draw and rotate head to one side
Which muscle group includes the Iliocostalis lumborum, Iliocostalis thoracis, and Iliocostalis cervicis muscles?
Erector spinae group
Which muscle originates from the transverse processes of the upper five or six thoracic vertebrae?
Semispinalis cervicis
What is the insertion point of the Semispinalis thoracis muscle?
Spinous processes of the upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae
Which muscle forms the medial border of the triangle?
Rectus capitis posterior major
What is the origin of the Multi dus muscle?
Sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae
Which muscle inserts into the spinous processes of the cervical vertebrae?
Rotatores cervicis
What is the origin of the Rotatores lumborum muscle?
Mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae
Which muscle inserts into the medial area between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital bone?
Semispinalis capitis
What is the insertion point of the Rotatores cervicis muscle?
Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
Study Notes
Back Muscles
- Deep or intrinsic muscles of the back extend from the pelvis to the skull and are innervated by segmental branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves.
- Muscles in this group include the spinotransversales, erector spinae, transversospinales, and suboccipital muscles.
Spinotransversales Muscles
- Two spinotransversales muscles run from the spinous processes to the transverse processes of the vertebrae.
- Examples of spinotransversales muscles include:
- Splenius capitis: originates from the lower half of the ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of CVII to TIV, inserts into the mastoid process and skull, and is innervated by posterior rami of middle cervical nerves.
- Splenius cervicis: originates from the spinous processes of TIII to TVI, inserts into the transverse processes of CI to CIII, and is innervated by posterior rami of lower cervical nerves.
Erector Spinae Group of Back Muscles
- Consists of three subgroups: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis.
- Examples of erector spinae muscles include:
- Iliocostalis lumborum: originates from the sacrum, spinous processes of lumbar and lower two thoracic vertebrae, and iliac crest, and inserts into the angles of the lower six or seven ribs.
- Iliocostalis thoracis: originates from the angles of the lower six ribs and inserts into the angles of the upper six ribs and the transverse process of CVII.
- Longissimus thoracis: originates from the transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae and inserts into the transverse processes of all thoracic vertebrae and just lateral to the tubercles of the lower nine or ten ribs.
Transversospinales Group of Back Muscles
- Consists of three subgroups: semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores.
- Examples of transversospinales muscles include:
- Semispinalis thoracis: originates from the transverse processes of TVI to TX and inserts into the spinous processes of upper four thoracic and lower two cervical vertebrae.
- Multifidus: originates from the sacrum, origin of erector spinae, posterior superior iliac spine, mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of lower four cervical vertebrae, and inserts into the base of spinous processes of all vertebrae from LV to CII (axis).
- Rotatores lumborum: originates from the mammillary processes of lumbar vertebrae and inserts into the spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae.
Suboccipital Muscles
- A small group of deep muscles in the upper cervical region.
- Contraction of the suboccipital muscles extends the head at the atlantoaxial joint.
- Examples of suboccipital muscles include:
- Rectus capitis posterior major: forms the medial border of the triangle and originates from the posterior ramus of C1.
This quiz covers the anatomy of back muscles, including the serratus posterior muscles and transversospinales muscles. It also covers their innervation and relations with other muscles.
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