Muscles of the Sole of the Foot
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Questions and Answers

What is the action of the lumbricals muscles?

  • Flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at the interphalangeal joints (correct)
  • Flexion of the lateral four toes
  • Adduction of the great toe
  • Extension at the metatarsophalangeal joints

    • Which nerve innervates the medial lumbrical muscle?

  • Medial plantar nerve (correct)
  • Lateral plantar nerve
  • Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve
  • Posterior tibial nerve

    • What is the origin of the lateral head of the flexor hallucis brevis?

  • Lateral cuneiform only
  • Tendon of the posterior tibialis
  • Cuboid and lateral cuneiforms (correct)
  • Medial cuneiform only

    • What is the action of the flexor hallucis brevis?

    <p>Flexion of the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle supports the transverse arch of the foot?

    <p>Adductor hallucis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus?

    <p>Tendons of the lateral four toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve innervates the adductor hallucis muscle?

    <p>Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many lumbricals muscles are there?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis muscle?

    <p>From the base of the fifth metatarsal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the muscle that has an insertion into the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the second digit?

    <p>Flexion of the second digit at the metatarsophalangeal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis muscle?

    <p>Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Peroneus Longus muscle?

    <p>Not mentioned in the content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion of the muscle that has an origin from the medial side of metatarsals three to five?

    <p>Into the medial sides of the phalanges of digits three to five</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of the muscle that has an insertion into the lateral sides of the proximal phalanxes of digits two to four?

    <p>Abduction of the lateral four digits and flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innervation of the muscle that has an origin from the medial side of metatarsals three to five?

    <p>Lateral plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the beginning of the Dorsalis Pedis artery?

    <p>As a continuation of Anterior Tibial artery in front of ankle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary origin of the muscles of the sole of the foot?

    <p>Calcaneal tuberosity and near the base of the metatarsal bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the lateral four toes at the proximal interphalangeal joints?

    <p>Flexor Digitorum Brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of the Abductor Hallucis muscle?

    <p>Medial plantar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the lateral tarsal artery branch from?

    <p>Arcuate artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is NOT part of the first layer of muscles in the sole of the foot?

    <p>Quadratus Plantae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Quadratus Plantae muscle?

    <p>Medial and lateral plantar surface of the calcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is the smaller terminal branch of the Posterior tibial artery?

    <p>Medial Plantar Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many muscles are part of the first layer of muscles in the sole of the foot?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the termination point of the Lateral Plantar Artery?

    <p>Base of the 5th metatarsal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the three perforating arteries?

    <p>Anastomose with vessels on the dorsal aspect of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for abduction and flexion of the great toe?

    <p>Abductor Hallucis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many plantar digital nerves does the Medial Plantar Nerve divide into?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

    <p>Middle phalanges of the lateral four digits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the Medial Plantar Nerve?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle does the Medial Plantar Nerve not supply?

    <p>Tibialis anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Lateral Plantar Nerve terminate?

    <p>Base of the 5th metatarsal bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Muscles of the Sole of the Foot

    Origin of Muscles

    • Two main origins for all muscles:
    • Calcaneal tuberosity at the back of the plantar surface of the calcaneus
    • Near the base and along the metatarsal bones

    Layers of Muscles

    First Layer

    • Three muscles:
    • Abductor hallucis
    • Flexor digitorum brevis
    • Abductor digiti minimi
    • Actions:
    • Abduction and flexion of great toe
    • Flexion of lateral four toes at proximal interphalangeal joints
    • Abduction and flexion of little toe
    • Nerve supply:
    • Medial plantar nerve (abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis)
    • Lateral plantar nerve (abductor digiti minimi)

    Second Layer

    • Two tendons:
    • Flexor digitorum longus
    • Flexor hallucis longus
    • Four lumbrical muscles:
    • Origin: from tendons of flexor digitorum longus
    • Insertion: into extensor expansion of lateral four digits
    • Actions: flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints and extension at interphalangeal joints
    • Quadratus plantae muscle:
    • Origin: from medial and lateral plantar surface of calcaneus
    • Insertion: into tendons of flexor digitorum longus
    • Actions: assists flexor digitorum longus in flexion of lateral four toes
    • Nerve supply:
    • Medial plantar nerve (medial lumbrical)
    • Lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals and quadratus plantae)

    Third Layer

    • Three muscles:
    • Flexor hallucis brevis
    • Adductor hallucis
    • Flexor digiti minimi brevis
    • Actions:
    • Flexion of great toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
    • Adduction of great toe and support of transverse arch of the foot
    • Flexion of little toe at metatarsophalangeal joint
    • Nerve supply:
    • Medial plantar nerve (flexor hallucis brevis)
    • Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (adductor hallucis)
    • Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (flexor digiti minimi brevis)

    Fourth Layer

    • Two tendons of leg muscles:
    • Tendons of tibialis posterior and peroneus longus
    • Seven interossei muscles:
    • Three plantar interossei
    • Four dorsal interossei
    • Actions:
    • Adduction of lateral three digits and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints
    • Abduction of lateral four digits and flexion at metatarsophalangeal joints
    • Nerve supply:
    • Lateral plantar nerve

    Arterial Supply of the Foot

    Dorsum of the Foot

    • Dorsalis pedis artery:
    • Beginning: as a continuation of anterior tibial artery
    • Termination: at the proximal end of the first interosseous space
    • Branches:
    • Lateral tarsal artery
    • Arcuate artery
    • Metatarsal branches
    • First dorsal metatarsal artery

    Sole of the Foot

    • Medial plantar artery:
    • Smaller terminal branch of posterior tibial artery
    • Supply: medial side of the big toe
    • Branches:
    • Muscular
    • Cutaneous
    • Articular
    • Lateral plantar artery:
    • Larger terminal branch of posterior tibial artery
    • Termination: on the base of the 5th metatarsal bone, forming the plantar arch by joining the dorsalis pedis artery
    • Branches:
    • Muscular, cutaneous, and articular
    • Branches of plantar arch
    • Plantar metatarsal arteries
    • Plantar digital arteries
    • Three perforating arteries (anastomose with vessels on the dorsal aspect of the foot)

    Nerve Supply of the Sole of the Foot

    Medial Plantar Nerve

    • Larger of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve
    • Termination: at the bases of the metatarsal bones by dividing into three plantar digital nerves
    • Branches:
    • Muscular (to four muscles)
    • Cutaneous (to the skin of the medial 2/3 of the sole)
    • Planter digital nerves
    • Articular (to intertarsal and tarso-metatarsal joints)

    Lateral Plantar Nerve

    • Smaller of the two terminal branches of the tibial nerve
    • Termination: at the base of the 5th metatarsal bone by dividing into a superficial and a deep branch
    • Branches:
    • Superficial branch
    • Deep branch

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    Description

    Learn about the muscles of the plantar aspect, including their origins and insertion points, and how they are arranged in four layers.

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